There are three basic first stage and two basic 2nd stage designs that come to mind with the phrases "bulletproof" "been around forever" etc.. The three first stages are the unbalanced "flow-by" piston, personified by the MK2 and older sherwoods, the balanced "flow-through" piston personified by the MK5 and its descendants, and the simple balanced diaphragm design that goes back to the USD royal aquamaster double hose and lives on in the titan, although I had not heard that they recently changed the titan.
The two second stages are the basic downstream, like the SP R190, and the simple balanced barrel poppet like the G250. Both of those have some roots in the SP 108 and 109, among others.
I think at this point in time, the benchmark examples of each design have proven themselves throughout decades of use, to the point where any of them could easily be rightly called bulletproof and simple. Each design has been widely copied; the MK5 and 109 style 2nd stage are certainly among the most successful and most-copied regulator designs ever. The thing to avoid would be newer regs that try to "improve" on these basic designs with a variety of gimmicks, and in some case, real performance improvements, but at the cost of increased complexity.
My personal choice for a regulator on the old deserted-island-with-unlimited-tanks-but-nothing-else scenario would be a toss up between the MK5 and MK2, with a 109 2nd stage. Luis has said he'd use a conshelf 1st with a 109 2nd. If there was a rubber tree on this island you'd be set for o-rings and low pressure seats, and I bet there's some exotic hardwood that might suffice for a HP seat on the MK2. Hose problems might be a challenge!
Of course, there are the issues of food, water, and shelter.....