I guess I'm a bear of very simple brain. To me, a lost buddy is lost. Whether he's lost because he went somewhere I don't know about, or whether he is lost because he's on the other side of a siltout, he's a lost buddy. I was taught a lost buddy procedure, which involved calculating, as close as I can, the gas required to exit from where I am, reserving twice that much gas, and using the rest to search. How, HOW one goes about that search was discussed, but there were no specifics for "buddy in siltout". I don't think I would go into a siltout to search, especially if I knew it was very extensive, but if we were at the mouth of a silted out tunnel, I'd sit as close to the mouth as I could, hoping my buddy would orient himself to exit.
I was taught, in my lost line drills, that you will ALWAYS find the line, and the exit direction, if you don't panic and keep looking. Whether you find it with enough gas to exit is another question, and that's where the difference between survival and death could lie in whether your buddy had the patience to wait for you.
The likelihood of exiting a cave, finding help, and having that help get to my buddy while he is still with us is just too low for me to face it. Where I dive, in MX, it isn't uncommon at all for us to be the only team not only at the cave, but within a half hour or more driving distance from that cave.
I like the, "Get to closest clear water and wait" approach. I hope I never make the decision to exit without someone who then dies, but I'd sure hope that, if I ever have to do it, I would get out with no more than one person's exit gas.