I've been researching this for the last couple days, and read a bunch of threads on the topic & even started a thread. This is not based on my personal experience, so take it with a pinch of salt-water.
On the flip side is convivence:
- 6cu - Somewhat useless & a waste of money, except at shallow depths. At depth, it's barely better than nothing, and may prevent drowning on a rapid ascent.
- 13cu - at about 120ft is small drowning-risk, but medium decompression-risk.
- 19cu - at about 120ft is negligible drowning-risk, but small decompression-risk.
- 30cu & 40cu at about 120ft is negligible decompression-risk.
I'm currently leaning towards 40 cu for multi-use. However, 19 cu is also very tempting, and probably what I'd roll with if I owned both a 40 cu and 19 cu.
- 13cu - The spare pony-tank you have on you, is better than the one you leave at home, or on the boat.
- 19cu - Probably ideal balance of weight, size, and risk-mitigation. It's also good for travel. Since this is just for super-rare emergencies, light decompression-sickness when diving near recreational-limit is probably tolerable.
- 30cu - Good, but might as well go 40cu
- 40cu - Best for multi-use, such as tech-diving, an extra/spare tank for short/shallow dives, resale-value, or even extending dives.
- 80cu - You could always side-mount 2x 80s, and just always make sure to leave enough air on both for an ascent. That said, I'd be tempted to leave the 2nd 80 cu on the boat, or at home.
Thank you. Very good summary.
This is pretty much what I had arrived on after this long thread as well.
19 cuft + 40 cuft would pretty much satisfy all your possible needs.
And if not planning to travel, then likely no need for the 19 cuft.