To expand the explanation:
Backplates are typically made for use with double tanks. The hoops that hold the tanks together have bolts that are used to attach them to the backplate. The ridge on the backplate fits between the double tanks.
When using a single tank it must somehow be attached directly to the top of the ridge. This is an inherently unstable position and it also puts the tank further from the diver's back than it would be in the case of doubles.
A single tank adapter is used to mate the single tank to the backplate ridge. There are different designs, some of which use bolts and others that rely soley on the cambands to hold the tank onto the plate. The STA can, if designed incorrectly, move the tank even further from the diver's back. A correctly designed STA won't add much and an STA built into the wing itself won't add any distance.
An advantage of the STA is that it can be made heavy enough to add substantial weight to the rig an allow the diver to take some off of the weight belt.
Backplates are typically made for use with double tanks. The hoops that hold the tanks together have bolts that are used to attach them to the backplate. The ridge on the backplate fits between the double tanks.
When using a single tank it must somehow be attached directly to the top of the ridge. This is an inherently unstable position and it also puts the tank further from the diver's back than it would be in the case of doubles.
A single tank adapter is used to mate the single tank to the backplate ridge. There are different designs, some of which use bolts and others that rely soley on the cambands to hold the tank onto the plate. The STA can, if designed incorrectly, move the tank even further from the diver's back. A correctly designed STA won't add much and an STA built into the wing itself won't add any distance.
An advantage of the STA is that it can be made heavy enough to add substantial weight to the rig an allow the diver to take some off of the weight belt.