Safe solo diving depends upon one's abilities in the water as a swimmer, snorkeler and diver. When students ask me (since I'm a solo instructor) if they are ready to begin solo diving, I usually reply, "Not if you have to ask me that question."
What I mean by that is for a student to ask, that student hasn't already discovered diving scenarios in which he or she feels 100% comfortable going solo. To ask if they are ready is really like asking, "What's next?" I don't know the answer to that question. Only the diver knows the answer. But, if they are unsure if they are ready to dive solo, the diving medical and the 3 minimum required dives for the PDIC Solo Diver certification will not make them into solo divers. My job, as a solo instructor, is to help them identify their strengths and weaknesses so they do not bite off more than they can chew on a solo dive and to help them improve their diving ability, knowledge, and equipment streamlining and configuration. A solo diver isn't created in a class, but is created through the spirit of rugged individualism. My solo class is popular mostly because Dutch Springs will allow solo diving for divers who are certified. Most solo divers would laugh at a solo diving card. This is partly due to the ignorance of what may be learned in training since rugged individualists usually feel capable, and often are, but may lack the knowledge of what they do not know they do not know. Where I can help is that I have 27 years of solo diving experience in recrational and technical endeavors including solo freediving, solo cave and trimix diving, solo wreck penetration diving and diving from boats, shore and in all conditions, including under ice alone. When coupled with my intense team diving training through organizations such as GUE, I can offer the student the Utopian situation of a taste of a unified team vs. having to go it alone. My solo classes are challenging, but fun. My goal is to help the diver find his or her task load threshhold and breaking points so that he or she can better size of the risks of the dive and determine if they can deal with all conceivable parameters alone. This includes management of DCS and other diving injuries in remote areas by oneself.
I began solo diving at age 16, about a year after I received my full open water certification and no longer had to dive with my instructors. At that age, few adults wanted such a young buddy and my dive buddy who was my age couldn't always go diving. However, as a 16 year-old kid, I was pretty mature (believe me I've regressed!), intelligent, had excellent old-school dive training that included tank valve breathing, lots of tank removal and replacements during training, ditch and dons, lots of no mask tasks and lots of difficult air sharing and emergency ascent situations. To top it off, I was a very strong swimmer and I had been snorkeling alone since I was in elementary school. I felt very confident in my ability to handle just about every situation in 30 feet of water and limited my solo dives to the first atmosphere below the waves. Diving in daylight lead to diving after dark and I used this time alone to perfect what I called "Navy SEAL swims" which was to dive on instruments by shutting my dive light off and navigating with just the luminous glow of my compass, watch and depth gauge. Talk about overcoming the primordial fears of darkness, water and tghe unknown! This was an excellent confidence booster. Only to be rivaled by skydiving, in college, which helped me date women. It occurred to me, when faced with the nervousness of having to ask a girl out, that the worst thing she could say to me was, "No," because she didn't like me or wasn't attracted to me - which would hurt far less than having my femurs blow through my clavicles at terminal velocity. That made saying, "Hi!" very easy.
As my experience grew, my solo diving followed until solo wreck, cave and deco ceilings could be managed safely. Prior to solo cave diving, I actually took the SDI Solo course with my TDI cave instructor in caves. He beat me up quite well and gave me the confidence to dive in that environment alone. The last dive we did, he waved goodbye to me underwater and left me inside Morrison Springs lower cavern to explore. That began my love affair with going it alone in caves. I didn't have to question the transition, I felt it stir inside me. If I think of making a dive that I cannot manage by myself, I won't do it by myself.
Every diver, no matter his or her experience, should be able to define his or her comfort zone for a solo dive. For some, this might be a swimming pool. For others, the Andrea Doria is within their comfort zone.
Here are some parameters anyone can fill in to define their levels of comfort for solo diving. Just ask yourself:
1. What is the deepest depth to which I would feel comfortable descending if solo?
2. From what depth am I confident I could perform a safe emergency ascent?
3. How comfortable am I ditching my gear? Can I ditch my gear and swim to shore or the boat?
4. How strong a swimmer am I? What is the farthest I could safely swim before tiring? What wave heights can I deal with? What type of currents can I handle? Do I have experience in rip currents? Long shore currents?
5. How long does it take me to remove and replace my scuba unit? Can I do it without stirring up visibility near the bottom? Can I do it mid-water? Can I do it at the surface?
6. How comfortable am I being underwater alone? In the dark? Encountering dangerous marine life?
7. Why do I want solo training? To solo dive? To be more self-reliant?
8. How disciplined and mature am I?
9. How intelligent am I? Can I think quickly and problem solve well on my own?
10. What is the coldest water temperature in which I am comfortable?
11. Am I prepared to be in the water for long periods of time?
12. Can I tolerate cold?
13. Do I have a "survivor" mentality? Do I see positive outcomes to negative situations?
14. Do I think well and reason well under stress or pressure?
15. Am I calm and not prone to panic?
16. What am I afraid of underwater? What is the worst case scenario for this dive? Can I see a way out of it and visualize what I must do to solve the problem before I enter the water?
17. What are the possible scvenarios I may face on this dive? Does anything on my gear worry me? Any hoses, O-rings, or other items I really should replace? If they go, can I make it back safely? How?
18. How well-trained am I in rescue and self-rescue?
19. How will I manage being sick or injured by myself?
20. Are all these parameters and what if's part of the fun of diving? Do I enjoy problem solving and challenge?
21. What is the maximum amount of deco I am comfortable with by myself? Will I have enough gas if I lose my deco gas?
22. What distances am I comfortable traveling in overhead? Am I good with directional changes? Do I feel I can return through jumps, gaps, T's, etc., without a mask or in no vis conditions?
23. In a risk vs. reward comparison is the dive worth the risks?
24. What would my wife, husband, mother, father, sibling, or other loved one think of where I am right now or where I'm planning to go? How would I feel about a loved one being where I am or where I'm planning to go?
25. Do I truly believe this is a safe solo dive?
These and other questions should help you assess where you are in your readiness to undertake solo diving or any solo dive at any level.
When I log solo dives, I write "Solo Dive" or "Solo" on the signature line.