Thalassamania:
Radio waves dont penetrate water.
Yes they do. Radio is currently being used to map UW caves to the surface. A diver takes a directional transmitter UW and transmits from survey stations. The signal is recieved on the surface by a directional antena and the location marked. It can also be used for voice communication althoutgh the mapping equipment isn't designed for that.
Radio mapping has been done at Peacock. Jason Gully radio mapped Vortex and I was present when Jasons crew mapped a cave in Kentucky using equipment designed, built and oporated by Brian Pease. Brian was there and being an electronics guy myself, I got to hear plenty about how it works. I think Jason eventually got his own equipment and used that at Vortex. In fact, I was supposed to build and test it but I got busy with other things while Jason was rounding up parts and I think he eventually got someone else to do it.
As of the time I had the chance to talk with Brian, I think the UW and UW to surface com units that Wes Skiles was using was also radio. If I remember right Brian built that stuff as well. Also, If I remember right (a lot of memory involved here), they used regular ultrasonic FFM comms and stripped out the ultrasonics and replace it with a radio...don't quote me on the details though.
Aside from parks like Peacock or Vortex where the cave is mapped to the surface for the ammusement of guests, another primary use is where mining or quarry oporations may be close to a flooded cave. If the cave can be accurately mapped to the surface, mining oporations can more easily avoid breaking into the cave and getting flooded.
Another interesting point is that the equipment can be roughly calibrated to measure distance. Not only can you map the survey station to the surface but you can get a prety good idea of how far below the surface the survay station is.
I'm probably a little out of touch with what's been going on lately so they may very well have made some improvements in this stuff that I'm not aware of.