There are, I believe just two (not numerous) primary sources suggesting antigen tests for Covid
might give a false negative in that 2-3 day period between infection and symptoms. The "numerous" comes from people citing and elaborating and extrapolating what the studies actually showed. Neither of the studies has been peer-reviewed, and only pre-prints are available. It is a bit soon to say the question is closed and antigen tests are worthless.
The
current CDC guidance says:
"The sensitivity of antigen tests vary, but antigen tests are generally less sensitive than most laboratory-based NAATs. The antigen level in specimens collected either before symptom onset, or late in the course of infection, may be below these tests’ limit of detection. This may result in a negative antigen test result, while a more sensitive test, such as most NAATs, may return a positive result. Studies have shown that antigen tests have comparable sensitivity to laboratory-based NAATs when viral load in the specimen is high and the person is likely to be most contagious."
and
"Positive and negative predictive values of all in vitro diagnostic tests (e.g., NAAT and antigen tests) vary depending on the pretest probability. Pretest probability considers both the prevalence of the target infection in the population that is being tested as well as the clinical context of the individual who is being tested. If the prevalence of infection in the community is high, and the person being tested is symptomatic, then the pretest probability is generally considered high. If the prevalence of infection in the community is low, and the person being tested is asymptomatic and has not had
close contact to a person with COVID-19, then the pretest probability is generally considered low. See CDC’s
Interpreting Results of Diagnostic Tests for additional information on the relationship between pretest probability and the likelihood of positive and negative predictive values."
This does not say antigen tests are worthless, only that they need to be used with care, especially if the prevalence of Covid in the population being tested is high, and the clinical context of the individual being tested is indicative, such as showing symptoms.