Before shooting my mouth off, I decided to do a little research in the Rubicon Foundation's Rubicon Research Repository, a great resource for dive-related studies and info.
The Rubicon Foundation: Home
Rubicon's collection included the report, "Proceedings of the International Polar Diving Workshop", Lang, M.A. and M.D.J. Sayer (eds.) 2007.
It contains an excellent section entitled: "A Review of Diver Passive Thermal Protection Stratgies for Polar Diving: Present and Future", by Robert T. Stinton (of DUI, Inc).
On p. 22 of the paper (p. 30 of the entire .pdf) is a graph showing relative insulating performance of several materials when compressed and uncompressed.
8MB .pdf:
http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/dspace/bitstream/123456789/5002/1/SI_IntPolar.pdf
Although they performed similarly, it should be noted that the Powerstretch 300 is a fleece with a fabric weight of 560gm/m2 and the UltraThinsulate 400 is 400gm/m2, but the relative thickness is not listed.
So, back to shooting my mouth off....
I'm familiar with both materials (and the Weezle Extreme Plus, for that matter). My unscientific observation is that the fleece will compress more easily and the material is a less efficient insulator ounce for ounce than Thinsulate.
I've also seen another Stinton report where the insulating value of Thinsulate was measured to be twice that of a fleece of equal weight.
That doesn't surprise me.
Comparing ratings for recommended temperature ranges of fleece and Thinsulate is a little difficult, for a number of reasons, but generally, I'd say the ranges listed for Thinsulate tend to be more accurate and the ranges for fleece are a bit inflated.
Can't help you with info on Thinsulate vests, but Cabelas carries some, but they appear pretty light weight. (I got my fleece garments from Cabelas, by the way.)
Don't forget that the diving version is Thinsulate B which reportedly is "hydrophobic" and retains about half its insulating ability when wet, unlike the outdoorwear Thinsulate.
Dave C