... PADI Tables: Before PADI created its tables in the early 1980s, recreational diving was done almost exclusively using the U.S. Navy tables. Bühlmann's research had not yet been published, and the first Bühlmann-based tables were years away. The U.S. Navy tables were quite unsatisfactory for recreational diving because they used the 120 minute compartment to guide surface intervals, which meant that divers had to spend a very long time out of the water between dives. The Navy's decision to do that was made without any real testing, and it did not matter to the Navy since their divers rarely did more than one dive in a day. PADI's primary goal in creating their tables was to find a way to make recreational dive schedules more doable.
To this end they did extensive original research using hundreds of divers doing thousands of dives. As scubadada wrote in post #413 quoting Mark Powell's fine book, "The M-values used for the RDP were adopted from the Doppler bubble testing and tested by Dr Merrill Spencer and tested by Dr Raymond E Rogers, Dr Michael R Powell, and the colleagues with Diving Science and Technology Corp, a corporate affiliate of PADI. The DSAT M-values were empirically verified with extensive hyperbaric chamber and in water diver testing and Doppler monitoring." Their research was published in peer reviewed journals. The work was both extensive and expensive. Dr. Michael Powell is Dr. Decompression on ScubaBoard, and if you do a search through that forum you will find many threads in which he talked about the work they did. The PADI tables were thus based primarily on original research. They did not ignore previous studies, but they did far more than just adjust an existing table. When they were done, they were fully invested in the results and made them the basis for their open water instruction.