1. USN and NEDU have put out several table changes in recent years, including changes to ascent rates and TBT in 2008, as well as some dealing with tactical rebreather and a rewrite of SCUBA.
2. Not even sure where you get this stuff, certainly not from PADI since they have never taken this much credit. For example, with regard to RDP, in 1988 Ray Rodgers took the 1956 Tables, incorporated M values and other techniques to provide for additional conservatism turning them over to DSAT for testing. Certainly nowhere near the work and research of either Weinke (RGBM, used by NAUI since 1999) or Yount (VPM, 1991), and you somehow totally skip over Buhlmann (1983/4).
3. I have yet to see anything in the PADI OW student material (including the latest released last year) that discusses teaching or learning methodologies. That information is found in the OWSDI manual, where they actually talk about how to teach the course. I don't know why you would expect the USN Diving manual, a student manual and reference manual, to be any different.
1. It has never been a secret that the Navy Dive tables are designed for physically fit, males, between 18-30, who exercise daily (pt), and are generally speaking not in any way similar to the typical recreational diver...
2. DSAT is a PADI company- it's the Tec arm of PADI.
3. The U.S. Navy Manual has a completely different "angle" in scope and audience- as well as aim. A military diver has a completely different teaching methodology thrown at them because of the nature of the armed services it is not really cross compatible for the vast majority of folks diving... Including commercial and of course recreational.
The majority of teaching principles in scuba sprung out of the LA County and YMCA models that NAUI and PADI routinized and have evolved over the last 50+ years.