Some great discussion about the courses. I'd like to offer my perspective and hopefully further these conversations that will improve diving education for everyone.
At the end of the day, both Essentials and Fundamentals will make you a better diver.
A direct comparison between the classes is difficult since the course goals are different. Essentials is for the recreational/single tank diver who wants to learn and then practice with instructor supervision/feedback. While Fundamentals supports recreational divers with the Rec Pass, it's a Technical certification (pass/provisional/fail) course. The "goal" is to determine if the diver is ready for technical training - Technical, Cave, Wreck, etc.
In the UTD curriculum, Intro-to-Tech does the certification. On the flipside, GUE has a GUE Primer course, which I believe is similar to Essentials.
I find the individual skills and time frame discussion interesting as I think that this points to the difference in teaching philosphy. Both organizations believe in Building Blocks and Principles of Learning but the execution through our course offerings differ. Both methods work, as divers from both agencies are good teammates and good divers.
In UTD, most of our courses are structured in 3 day blocks, in a format that we believe will allow the students the best opportunity for success. We've found that intense 5-6 day courses can be too exhausting for the student and may impact people's ability to learn or perform. In addition, if the course is a certification course, getting enough practice time in those 5-6 days to get a pass may not be sufficient during the time frame.
As the result, our classes are set-up that students learn for 3 days and then go out and dive for 20-25 dives and come back for the next 3 day course. During those 20-25 dives, students can practice until the skills become rote and also get some fun dives in to enjoy the new skills.
In the Essentials context, a diver would take Essentials to learn the skills, practice, and get direct feedback from the Instructor. Armed with the knowledge of what's expected and having some success in class, the diver can then go out and incorporate the Essentials skills in his diving. 20+ dives later, let's say that the diver wants to go through a technical course. He will them take Intro-to-Tech, learn a few additional skills and ultimately be accessed (pass/fail).
As for the individual skills in an Essentials course, the foundation of all watermanship is trim, buoyancy and propulsion. Building on those skills is the Basic 6 and the S-Drill. Since Essentials is the foundation building course, if students do not achieve a solid understanding of these skills, then class time will be spent practicing these skills.
Once a certain amount of proficiency is realized, then additional skills are introduced. However, if time is better spent on trim, buoyancy, and propulsion, I'd spend my time in those areas. Getting the foundation correct enables everything else.
For example, how much easier is SMB deploy when you have your trim, buoyancy, and propulsion under control? If a diver does not have good basic skills control, will I be doing them a service if I ask for multiple SMB deploys? I want to set up the divers who train with me for future success. And that's teaching the essential skills well.
But like all the UTD instructors, I do like to introduce SMB deploys in my Essentials course. It's a valuable skill, but not something I expect to have mastered by the end of course. I expect that after 20+ post dive classes, then SMB deploy should be video perfect.
As for Team and Environment awareness, these are taught and discussed during Essentials. However, the intensity of in water work depends on the team/divers. As others noted, these are aggressively pushed and scrutinized in Rec 2/Rec 3 (for recreational divers) and Technical 1/Technical 2 (for technical divers).
Team and Environment are core to our diving style and something we're all proud of and believe in. However, we're always balancing overloading vs. appropriate. When a team or an environment issue naturally occurs during an Essentials class (and there are plenty), these are discussed by the team and resolved.
If the team is capable of more, then simple scenarios may be set-up. However, this is not a requirement in Essentials as we have Rec 2.
Any DIR instructor can drop the hammer and literally beat up their students. However, that's not my goal. There is little benefit for me to overwhelm anyone, except a dive report on ScubaBoard saying that X is the hardest class I've ever taken! Maybe it'll be good marketing for me but I'd be doing the student a disservice.
At the end of the day, I want Essentials divers to be invigorated in their diving and to continue to dive for many years to come.
Thanks.