Many people may be wondering why recreational divers were not bent at very high rates in the pre-computer era. I think this will help explain it.
- Tables designed for square profiles are very conservative on most recreational dives where a small percentage of bottom time is spent at max depth.
- Most tables limited repetitive dives to one in the fine print — two dives/day.
- Very few divers (in the US anyway) were using doubles/packing enough gas to get very far into decompression. Those that did tended to be very experienced and plan dives very carefully.
- Decompression diving was limited by thermal protection in many parts of the world. The first modern drysuits were not available until the last half of the 1960s after NASA invented the waterproof zipper.
- For the most part, divers were much more concerned about getting DCS. Treatment options were very limited both by facilities and knowledge. For all practical purposes, DCS treatment meant a naval facility.
- Basic Scuba training included decompression and repetitive dive tables, not just no-decompression tables.
Analog decompression meters were available from the early 1960s. They were unfairly nicknamed Bend-O-Matics but were actually pretty close to many of the European navies' tables. I used one for over 30 years and can't recall anyone I personally knew getting bent using one.
Here is an image from the 1964 Healthways catalog. It was actually manufactured in Italy like a lot of dive gear in the US.
AUTOMATIC DECOMPRESSION METER
catalog no. 1973
price $29.95
With Healthways Automatic Decompression Meter there is no need to worry; you can always be sure. The precision instrument that functions automatically like an "electronic brain" - continuously memorizing repetitive and multiple depth dives. The Automatic Decompression Meter takes the guess work out of planning your dive. It records the two essential elements for each dive-TIME and DEPTH, automatically calculates these two factors and immediately indicates the necessary decompression time. The Automatic Decompression Meter reproduces the physiology of the body by duplicating the rate at which the nitrogen goes into and out of solution in the blood stream. Keeping an exact record of the dive completed and of the time you spent on the surface between dives, it uses the diving time as well as the surface time to automatically calculate and prescribe the decompression time necessary on the next dive. This process of memorizing continues for 6 hours after the last dive you make. The compact unit can be worn on the arm or attached to your harness.
From the modern viewpoint, "
The precision instrument that functions automatically like an "electronic brain" - continuously memorizing repetitive and multiple depth dives." is misleading. Today, that implies data logging including depth, and time displays. It only displayed decompression obligations.
It was nothing more than a Nitrogen filled flexible bag, a porous material the leaked gas at a set rate, and a Bourdon tube pressure gauge with a specially calibrated face. That leakage rate and the custom pressure gauge face came out pretty close to No-D, repetitive, and decompression tables.
The $30 cost was fairly high when you consider low-end regulators were $35 and depth gauges were around $12. Many of the dive pros and more affluent divers were using them by the late 1960s.