Garuda isn't One World, it's Sky Team. I've checked in with Garuda and gotten my baggage allll the way home via Delta and Korean Air.Why did you purchase the Jakarta to Sorong as a separate leg? Qatar is part of one world and should allow you to have a single ticket from Vienna to Sorong.
Qatar allow you to have a luggage of 25kg + 7kg hand luggage (on economy classic). You can see excess luggage fee on this link :
https://www.qatarairways.com/en/baggage/excess.html
I don't think they will differentiate dive gears with standard exceed weights, so be prepare to pay if you exceed the 32kg in total.
If you're checking baggage in to Garuda and they're going to check it to other airlines, you probably are going to be able to take advantage of the extra dive stuff baggage allowance. I believe Sky Team gives you 2 free checked bags on international flights anyway.
For the Jakarta to Sorong flight, you check your dive gear in there and they accept that it's dive gear and it's free. I've done it 3x so far and no issues at all.
Say hello to the fishies for me in Indo!