Let's see if we can agree (Ha!) on some basic assumptions and facts:
- One function of government is the construction and maintenance of public roads
- Government exists, in part, to promote safety and happiness (as per the Declaration of Independence)
- Only some roads have tolls
- Different vehicles have different requirements for roads (ie., width, load capacity of bridges)
- Different use of vehicles (ie., load, speed) cause different amounts of wear on roads
What about a few items that may be more contentious?
- The cost to a driver or owner of vehicle (including a business) should be proportionate to their use of the vehicle and it's impact on the infrastructure
- Different fuels have different health & environmental impacts. To promote safety of the population, government may choose to promote certain fuels (ie., ban lead in gasoline, mandate use of ethanol blends, encourage electric vehicles) by a combination of taxes, fees, and incentives.
Toll roads encourage avoidance of tolls by choosing different routes -- leading to traffic and road wear in small municipalities that are less able to manage than a state-wide agency.
Gas taxes are more "fair" in that they intrinsically account for the vehicle efficiency, amount of use, and can promote use of EVs. They are also regressive, with a disproportionate impact on lower income drivers.
Mileage based fees can be one part of meeting funding needs. In states that require annual vehicle inspection/registration with submission of mileage there's no added government intrusion (except into your wallet). I wouldn't like them myself, but I do think they are more fair than some schemes (I'm looking at you, Virginia, with your "personal property tax" assessed annually on the value of a vehicle, regardless of whether it's on the road or not, and some counties go further in taxing vehicles that are registered out of state but parked in VA).
I live in PA frequently motorcycle throughout the east coast (Quebec to NC). As a rider, I'm much more aware of the structure, condition, and maintenance of the road surface than most drivers. PA roads are terrible, even compared to NJ or upstate NY, which have more dramatic temperature swings and frost cycles.