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A really simple example might be if you paid an insurance broker $500 to put a fire insurance policy on your building, but instead of placing the policy, they just pocketed the cash. A year passes. Your house does not burn down. But then you learn they never arranged the cover - they just spent the cash. You are outraged. They say "What are you complaining about? Your house didn't burn down, so you didn't lose the benefit of any claim, and you paid the premium either way." For various legal and moral reasons, the courts don't want the insurance brokers to have incentives to do this, so they allow the unjust enrichment claim.
But if the broker pocketed the cash and wrote you a policy that appeared to be underwritten by a major insurance underwriter, you have a case for fraud, not just outrage. Regardless of whether you had a fire or not.