The optimal size of pony-bottle when dealing with a failure is....
- The one actually on your person (and not left at home)
- The biggest one possible.
If your pony-bottle is big enough that you get lazy and leave it behind, as I've seen many divers do, it doesn't matter how big that pony bottle is, when you have a failure, and don't have any redundant air with you. I'd rather have a 6cu at 100ft, than nothing
(and would probably survive).
Next, if we assume a failure WILL happen at 100ft (rather than might happen) then you'll want all the extra air you can get. One scenario where this may apply, is right after you serviced your regulators, or if you're testing out sketchy regulators
(that said, you may want 2 redundant air sources if you presume failure is likely).
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But lets go to a more "normal" scenario, where failure is unlikely, but the cost of being unprepared in that unlikely scenario is high. You need to look at your air-consumption back up to the surface. That greatly depends on:
- Whether anything else goes wrong, such as an entanglement
- Environmental conditions, such as overheads, visibility, temperature, current, etc.
- What your personal air-consumption is
- Whether you are prone to panic
For me, I usually dive with a 19cu, and I've calculated and TESTED
(it's useful to actually do a test run surfacing on your pony) at 120ft. That said, it was an ideal test environment, no panic, no risk, no entanglements, no currents, etc. Usually, once I'm past 80ft, I upgrade to a bigger size
(usually sidemount, double 80cu) because I can. I'd be okay with using a 19cu at 100ft, but I usually prefer larger at 100ft. If we pretend I'm not sidemount, I'd probably look at a 30cu or 40cu for 100ft.