Well... in Europe I"m pretty sure that a 200 valve won't even screw into the neck of a 300 bar tank. There are good reasons for this. They've even gone so far (thankfully it isn't a law yet) that nitrox regs won't fit on a valves for "air" tanks.
The standards in other places seem to be quite different so I apologise if I got my panties in a bunch for nothing. I assumed that the op wanted to essentially "cross thread" a 200 bar valve into a 300bar tank.
As for DIN, it would appear that that 200 and 300 bar standards are pretty universal.
Regarding Jimmer's assessment (which is better informed than mine, i'm sure), that the proposed stop gap measure would work, I"m sure he's right provided the valve will screw normally into a 300 bar tank and you don't pump it up to it's maximum operating pressure.
R..
All scuba tanks have the same thread in the tank here: M25. So you could use a 200bar valve on a 300 bar tank. But the 300 bar filling whips have this nipple thing on the end, so it doesn't seal on a 200 bar valve. You could put a 300 bar valve on a 200 bar tank. But I've never heard about this or any accidents happening because of it.
As for the nitrox regs, yes there is different fitting for this. But this is for use with >40% oxygen only. But I don't know anyone that has one of these. They aren't used arround here. It's a very silly thing. Dive shops just fill your deco bottles aswell even if it has the normal DIN fitting. I haven't heard of any country in Europe where they make a hassle about it. It's just a guideline the EU has made, so like you said, it's not a law. The reg manufacturers have jumped on the wagon though and only sell nitrox regs with the new M26 fitting. Most LDS's just switch it to a normal 300 bar fitting for free.