Helium is a problem since it can get past the seals which is why normal dive watches can be small, but the ones designed for saturation diving are like 4x the size.
Small clarification:
Watches designed for
saturation diving in Helium Oxygen environments have pressure relief valves. That is because all known transparent materials have high Helium leak rates -- literally through the solid material.
It is impractical to design watch housings to withstand internal pressure in addition to normal external pressure. Many watches designed for sat diving have external depth ratings of 1,000 meters (3,281') or more which explains why they are so stout.
For readers who are not familiar with
saturation diving:
Sat divers live in chambers pressurized to working depths that are commonly between 50 and ~300M (165'-~1,000’) for a month or more. That is enough time for Helium to leak into the watch housing and virtually equalize to the dive depth. Saturation decompression is very slow, but too fast for Helium to leak back out of well-made watch housings. Remember, they are not designed for internal pressure at all. That has caused the watch crystal to blow out.
Think I'm kidding?
I had the opportunity to meet the poor bastard that discovered this phenomenon -- up close and personal. I noticed this unusual circular scar inside his left thigh and just had to ask.
He was sitting on a bench in a chamber at the old
US Navy Experimental Diving Unit decompressing from an early sat dive. His fingers were laced and forearms resting on his knees because the chambers were small so they had to conform to the cylindrical hull. Suddenly there was an explosion and his thigh was bleeding "like a stuck pig". The corpsman (Navy medic) dug the pieces of the crystal out and treated the wound.
They were wearing Rolex Submariner watches which were the best dive watch made in the 1960s. One of NEDU's PhDs did some research and found the obscure materials data with Helium leak rates. They phoned Rolex and explained the problem. Rolex engineers came up with the tiny Helium relief valve, their patent lawyers went to work, and the Sea Dweller was born. I met him in 1970.