hg frogman
Contributor
Both PADI and ACUC OW, NAUI SCUBA Diver and CMAS ** are certified to dive independently; as you've mentioned, CMAS * can't. I know it's impossible to precisely compare, but the first CMAS level allowing the diver to dive independently is CMAS **. It seems equitable (to me at least) to compare training levels that allow the diver to dive without supervision and what that entails.
Said accurately, like this, yes, it makes sense to me. And I agree it's directly related to your OP.
There seems to be differences between CMAS training in North America and in France (not really astonishing given CMAS is a confederation with many different federations). CMAS* seems to be more demanding in North America.
To be fair towards PADI, I feel that French rules (CMAS* divers must be supervised underwater, ratio 1:4, and CMAS** divers can dive independently down to 20-25 meters) are sort of "binary", "black or white", while PADI statement that an OWD can dive independently "within the limits of his training and experience" give some extra flexibility. One can also call it "grey area" but grey is not always bad.
To be fair towards CMAS, I have not seen many crap CMAS** divers.
Diver0001, as far as I know, the European norm about diving is a copy and paste from PADI standards, thanks to the Austrian Diving Federation (go figure). That's why this European norm is not recognized (at least yet) in France.