Stage Dropping

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I teach students that everything needs to be identified by feel so that if you are picking up a bottle in zero visibility you can be 100% sure that it is yours and it is the correct bottle for that depth. The bottle needs to be identified, not the regulator. If you know that the bottle is correct, you can trace the bottle to the first stage up the hose to the second stage in lights out or zero visibility. The team should visually verify that everything is copacetic at the earliest opportunity.

When I drop bottles, I always check the MOD sticker and contents analysis with the depth and check to make sure that each bottle placed by a team member is correct.

In addition, I teach students to mark their deco stops by checking specific features found in the cave or on an anchor line against their gauges. Like Rob, I usually try to make a secondary tie-off at 20 feet.

An exercise I do in a stage cave class is to have them stage up to Hill 400, drop the bottle and as we return to pick up the stages, I remove the student's mask and replace it with a blackout mask. He must identify the bottle by feel, pick it up, verify that it is his and the correct bottle and return to the stage. Once we exit onto the gold line, I'll return the mask and see if he remembers to flow check and verify the switch visually with the team at the next arrow. As we head down the gallery, I'll put him in the blackout mask and he'll have to locate his deco bottles by feel, verify that they are correct by feeling a feature in the cave (such as the Grim Reaper sign) and exit while estimating his deco stops by feel and by counting "Mississippi's". For example, if he dropped his Nitrox 50 bottle at the sign, he can verify bottle and depth by feel, make the switch and exit. If exiting the Eye, his first stop might be 50 feet where the flow pushes you into the first large rocks past the breakdown rubble. The 40 foot stop will be where the floor and ceiling get a bit tight. The 30 foot stop will be on the sand to the left where you emerge into the cavern zone. The 20 foot stop will be on the shelf over the manhole where he'll do his switch to oxygen. He'll again have to verify all by feel and estimate deco and any air breaks. 17 feet is the sand outside the cave and the student can approximate 15 or 10 feet and ascend to the surface once all estimated deco is completed.

While this scenario is unlikely in the Devil's system, it helps to teach awareness and provides a basic strategy to plan dives in which gas switches and deco stops might need to be made in poor or no visibility or with lights out. Being mindful of depth and features of deco stops and bottle drops helps raise awareness.

On normal dives, it's important to pay attention during gas switches. Don't just watch the procedure while on autopilot and automatically reply to an okay signal asking for verification if you are distracted. In survival situations it is important to be where you are and gas switching is a survival situation. Don't just watch. Really see what's going on. Pay attention. Pay attention throughout the dive. If for any reason you doubt with 100% certainty the correctness or safety of a switch - CHECK IT.
 
I teach students that everything needs to be identified by feel so that if you are picking up a bottle in zero visibility you can be 100% sure that it is yours and it is the correct bottle for that depth. The bottle needs to be identified, not the regulator. If you know that the bottle is correct, you can trace the bottle to the first stage up the hose to the second stage in lights out or zero visibility. The team should visually verify that everything is copacetic at the earliest opportunity.

Trace, your procedure seems very thorough, but how do you make 100% sure the bottle is yours in zero viz? I've seen comments elsewhere of people dropping bottles on other peoples lines (which is obviously a bad idea for several reasons). If you're coming back in zero vis and expecting to find your bottle, but run across someone else's first do you think they're more prone to mistake it for their own? I think people are more likely to have similar bottles/valves than bottle/valves/regs, so identifying the bottle only still leaves some room for error.

I realize that coming back in zero vis, finding someone else's bottle on your line, etc. is starting to get into LHOTP scenarios and is unlikely for 90% of cavers. But pontificating about worst case behind a keyboard is better than "oh shit, what do I do?" in the water.
 
I don't disagree...and of course all these things vary depending on what style diving one does. However how often is someone generally switching gasses/bottles silted out? I understand it happens...but even if it happens 20% of the time, that still leave 80% where labels can help.

I'm gonna qualify the following by stating up-front that I have less than 50 dives in a cave ... so others here are more qualified than I to answer that question. My answer is that labels would work more like 99+% of the time ... but it only needs to fail you once.

In a cave you drop stages at various points along the way. Depending on how you manage your gas, you may only have to count on them for reserve on the way out. On the other hand, if a siltout occurs, you're quite likely going to be coming back more slowly and carefully ... maintaining touch contact with the line. By the time you find your stage (which will be clipped to that line), you may very well need that reserve. The more likely situation is that you will swim out of the siltout at some point and be able to see what you're doing ... but good practice is to always prepare as though you may have to do something like that without use of visual cues ...

... Bob (Grateful Diver)
 
Trace, your procedure seems very thorough, but how do you make 100% sure the bottle is yours in zero viz?
Should be easy, if you're in an area where its so silty that you can't see 3 inches, it's highly doubtful that the bottle isn't either yours, or your buddy's.

IMO you shouldn't be relying on feel to switch bottles. Unless you're fluent in braille, can you really remember what your 20, 70, 100, 120, 150, 190, 250, and 300 bottles FEEL like? I for one, am skeptical.
 
james have you ever had to pick up a stage in vis so bad you couldn't make out the mod sticker or your name? I haven't and I've spent the last two weekends doing multi stage dives in 'zero' vis
 
james have you ever had to pick up a stage in vis so bad you couldn't make out the mod sticker or your name? I haven't and I've spent the last two weekends doing multi stage dives in 'zero' vis
I've scootered river caves with 10ft starting viz, as well as done a video dive (with large housing and 2x 35w HID setup) using a 3 man team in a cave I've seen referred to as a "single diver cave". To date, I've never seen viz so bad that I cannot see the MOD. However, I've only been in 38 Florida cave systems and only slightly over 200 overhead dives.


Trace,

The HILL400 is an area where even less than 1/3 of normal starting back gas would get a diver to his exit. Can you explain why you teach your students to blindly get on a stage bottle rather than exiting with their existing back gas, then switching to the stage when the (simulated) viz improves?
 
Should be easy, if you're in an area where its so silty that you can't see 3 inches, it's highly doubtful that the bottle isn't either yours, or your buddy's.
Agreed. But I don't do a lot of diving in those conditions and haven't given it much thought before now. I'd hate to make the assumption it was mine and find out I'm wrong though.
 
I've been in visibility so ****ty that my HID light was an incredibly dim glow, with it touching my mask. Reading anything was out of the question.

However, this is not a place where someone would expect to see another diver(aside from the buddy you took along - who'd be in touch contact at best). I wouldn't drop a stage there though... I'd keep carrying it.
 
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i've seen that too. but how long does it last? and what size passage are we talking? not sure it applies
 
I've swapped stages while on the line more than a few times. I still think that persistent zero vis is incredibly hard to come by, however. Everyone is in such a rush when waiting a minute or swimming out of the silt cloud would fix everything.

The thing is to CHECK YOUR MOD before you switch, each and every time. Even on stages. I used to think that on stages it was nbd one way or another, but I feel a bit differently now. You've got to look at that sticker and check out your buddy for any shenanigans before hittin the trigger, each and every time. Look at stage drops as natural pauses in your diving, make sure everything is squared away, then continue your dive.

And all this 'by feel' and 'by color' stuff goes out the window the second you have to borrow a tank from your buddy, or swap out a reg.
 
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