Sounds like something that could be easily made from a kid's punching balloon and a CO2 powerlet. What I'd do is take a piece of PVC pipe that fits a powerlet, put a tight fitting dowel in one end, drill a hole through the center of that and fit a nail through it so you have something to puncture the powerlet. The I'd drill a series of holes in the pipe to allow the CO2 to vent. I'd wrap enough tape around the powerlet to give it a snug fit, put it in the pipe, and put a snug fitting dowel over the other end. Finally, I'd put the entire thing inside the balloon and tie off or cap the end.
When it came time to deploy, all you'd have to do is grab the balloon locate the tube inside and give the dowel a firm push. If the dowel were slightly recessed, that would prevent accidental discharges. The PVC and wood should insulate the balloon from the freezing CO2 cartridge.