joed:If the cabin altitude is 2000-8000 feet, how high up will the plane be? For example if my jet flies at 30,000 feet what will the cabin altitude be? Also, how does one know how high the jet will fly on any given day? Thanks.
These are both good questions. I'll take them in order.
(1) These days the 8000 ft msl cabin altitude figure is an outside limit. New aircraft pressurization systems are better at keeping the pressure up inside. Remember folks, there are many holes in the aircraft. We keep the pressure up by pumping more air in than leaks out. For the sake of general information, I have been checking the cabin pressure on various flights. At FL410, which is much higher than most aircraft fly generally, the cabin pressure is right at 7200 ft msl. At FL390 it is around 6300 ft msl as a maximum. At FL300 the cabin altitude will be around 5200 ft msl.
(2) We don't know how high the aicraft will be on any given day. The flight plan will be based on routing (Is it, for instance, over mountains?), and on the weight of the aircraft and winds. It will vary.
Uncle Ricky made a good point about un-pressurized aircraft. See the NOAA table that he cites for those cases. (Table 4.3 Page 4-28 NOAA Dive MANUAL).
Arctic Diver also made a goood point in stating that these are not hard and fast rules, nor are they guaranteed. They're like the "Pirate's Code", i.e. more of a set of "guidelines"!!