Guy Alcala
Contributor
You are testing my memory now, but I think they were:
- USS Saratoga (Bikini)
- USS Oriskany (Florida), which is an artificial reef
- HMS Hermes (Sri Lanka)
- Graf Zeppelin (Poland)
On the 'questionable' list are:
- HMS Hermes (English channel), which may or may not classify as an aircraft carrier
- HMS Dasher (Scotland), which may or may not classify as an aircraft carrier and may or may not class as diveable (it has been dived once, at 465 feet with about 3 feet of viz, and is a war grave)
- HMS Campania (Scotland), which may or may not classify as an aircraft carrier
Hermes (English channel) and Campania were both seaplane carriers, i.e. aircraft-carrying ships but not 'aircraft carriers' by the standard definition. Hermes had to hoist out a/c to/from the water for takeoff or landing; Campania had a takeoff deck but had to hoist seaplanes back aboard by crane; wheeled a/c had to ditch or land on shore.
Dasher (a CVE or escort carrier) was most definitely an aircraft carrier, and even the MAC (Merchant Aircraft Carrier) ships were, but not the CAM and Fighter Catapult ships, as the latter had to catapult a/c off but had no way to recover them.
The definition is pretty straightforward: an aircraft carrier is a ship which: allows conventional or short take-off, fixed wing a/c to take off from it and to land back aboard; can maintain and supply them for an extended period; this is its primary mission.
Guy