Limits assessment methods?

Please register or login

Welcome to ScubaBoard, the world's largest scuba diving community. Registration is not required to read the forums, but we encourage you to join. Joining has its benefits and enables you to participate in the discussions.

Benefits of registering include

  • Ability to post and comment on topics and discussions.
  • A Free photo gallery to share your dive photos with the world.
  • You can make this box go away

Joining is quick and easy. Log in or Register now!

I guess the extreme example might be illustrative here, but did Dr Deep actually think he was getting feedback on his personal weaknesses or limits? (from an objective source)
I thought his 'team' was all associated with one local shop/charter and included his son.
I cannot say this with total conviction, but the impression I got from reading the materials related to this case both before and after his demise suggest that he really did think that he was surrounded by experts and that he was, indeed, a true expert himself. the wording of the sentence that praised him for exceeding the maximum depth ever achieved by his instructor (215 feet) indicated that everyone involved thought 215 feet was a very big deal indeed.
 
I agree that both Doc and his support group considered themselves experts. But nobody there was a hyperbaric physician or had even the most rudimentary understanding of the physiology involved. Doc never went to any other place where other "world record holders" trained or consulted with DAN or Duke, commercial sat divers, or really anybody. Heck even consulting here on SB would have provided a mountain of critical feedback on that "plan". That island was just the worst example of diving "group think" ever. Having someone articulate good feedback on your weaknesses also requires someone to listen. Doc's posse failed him and he wouldn't have listened to anyone else anyway.

When people use the words "peer review" this doesn't mean from your son and regular dive buddies. Peer = "a diver doing what you aspire to" at least semi-regularly and with the general respect of the industry/community. All the more reason to dive with a variety of people, in a variety of places who have all been trained slightly differently. If you're the "best" diver in your local posse that's all the more reason to travel and dive/consult with other people outside of your locality before doing something that is remotely groundbreaking.

ps 215ft is a big deal, you can die at from/at that depth. I think the regularity at which 215+ft dives are done tends to make people think they aren't a big deal anymore.
 
Any time someone thinks a world record is no big deal, then Darwin is waiting to take a punt. If it was that easy everyone would be doing it...
 
As far as risk goes, there are some interesting tools available for risk assessment etc. I ask myself, is what I want to do there really worth all this hassle? What can go wrong, how likely is it and how badly stuffed will i be if it happens?

Usually the decision becomes pretty easy then, especially if I am honest with myself about my abilities and limitations. You can BS others if you feel you have to, but NEVER BS yourself.

In the article I have tried to write on this several times, this plays a role. I tried to think of all the things that get in the way of our being able to make an honest assessment of our ability to do a coming dive. Being surrounded by people who constantly praise you and overstate your abilities is one of them.

BJ & RP,
I actually wrote an article, or I should say I changed what it is applicable to flying in term of risk management and decision making, to diving. It is at page 15 of issue 24 of Tech Diving Magazine.
http://www.techdivingmag.com/download024.asp
I believe it is very much applicable to this discussion about limits and how establish and re-evaluate them.
Comments welcome.

Cheers
 
I agree that both Doc and his support group considered themselves experts. But nobody there was a hyperbaric physician or had even the most rudimentary understanding of the physiology involved.

After I wrote the article A Fatal Attempt: Psychological Factors in the Failed World Depth Record Attempt 2015, I was contacted by many people who had connections to Dr Garman and his support team.

That included people significantly involved in the scuba and dive medicine industry in USVI.

Whilst I couldn't/wouldn't exactly estate what and how concerns were communicated to him and his team; I do know that they had access to that expertise and advice. I also know that those on the periphery of his planned attempt had very significant doubts... a low expectation of success/survival.

The general theme was that 'nothing was going to stop him... that's just how he was'.

I've also heard that his team 'reached out' to known extreme deep divers for advice. I don't know what advice was given, or whether it was supportive and technically enabling, or discouraging. I don't think, from what I've heard, that he or his team traveled anywhere else for expert training or in-water evaluation in preparation for his attempt.

We must also remember that a representative of his team did post on Scubaboard to market the attempt. Questions were asked and the answers his team supplied led to a board response that was categorically negative and insisted on caution.

Many of those commenting on the thread/s had significant and relevant experience of extreme deep technical diving and/or dive medicine. Basically, his team representative was told; "You're gonna die". His team stopped posting, other than their own Facebook page, soon after that.

I can only guess that a barrage of negative response was not what he, or his team, expected... and that they didn't want to hear it. It caused them to internalize as a team and disregard their peers. The rest is explained in my article.
 
Last edited:
215ft is a big deal, you can die at from/at that depth. I think the regularity at which 215+ft dives are done tends to make people think they aren't a big deal anymore.

From my article Technical Diving - The Experience Paradox :


"I’ve noticed that technical diving complacency can stem from routine, adaptation or peer influence.

Routine complacency is relatively self-explanatory. If you’ve done the same thing enough times it can lead to a temptation for short-cutting the correct procedures. The technical diver attains a high level of comfort through routine diving and that comfort, in turn, diminishes their perception of risk; empowering the justification of improper or abbreviated procedures.

I’ve done 500 dives and I know my equipment like the back of my hand. There really is no need to complete a full pre-dive equipment check”.

Adaptive complacency is less understood. The best illustration comes from driving a vehicle. If you drive on the highway for hours at high speeds and then turn off onto a slow speed road, it feels as if you are literally crawling along. In driving psychology this is known as “speed adaptation”. When it occurs, the motorist cannot rely on their sensation to gauge appropriate speed.

For technical divers, complacency can also arise through adaptation to high-demand diving, followed by a swift return to less demanding dives. The tech diver can no longer rely on their experience to gauge appropriate risk. Their immediate experience recognizes the reduction of risk and leads to a perception that there is now little or no risk.

After a fortnight conducting exploratory 6-8 hour mixed-gas CCR cave dives, today’s 40 minute dip to my favorite wreck at 180 feet is a child’s play and needs no special attention”.

Contagious complacency is a form of peer influence where one member of a group exhibits complacency which then transfers to the rest of the group. When this happens, an entire diving team can sink into arrogant over-confidence that can lead to unanimous support for justifications to deviate from safe protocols.

As a regular dive team, we have over 80 years of combined tech diving experience between us. The ‘rule book’ wasn’t meant for divers like us. Who can object when 80 years of experience agrees that this protocol is unnecessary”.
 
It is always difficult. What is too fast, what is your limit?
Is someone doing all technical courses within 2 years after being certified as ow diver going too fast? In what perspective do you look? Is it the 24 months to complete the ow, aow, nitrox, adv. nitrox, normoxic trimix, full trimix and full cave course too fast? And if you know the diver has done over 500 dives in 2 years? Does this change your opinion?
500 dives in 2 years or in 10 years, does it make sense? who is more experienced?
And if people who say going too fast, what kind of dives have you done? Can you judge if you are only certified to 30m about a 100m dive?

Another thing: a diver who did all tech courses with 1 instructor, is this done because of this instructor was easy and just paying to get a cert? Or was it a good instructor? If the diver did his courses with different instructors, was this because the first instructors where bad? or because the diver wanted to learn from more than 1 instructor? Or the first instructors refused to teach the diver further, so the diver needed to find another instructor for the next step?

A lot depends on the diver. So you cannot say this works for everybody. Every diver, how experienced he is, can get in trouble or panic. But the more real experience the more ways to solve potential problems.

Experienced divers can become lazy too. Forget to check things. Normal, human. But you have to avoid. There is no redundancy for stupidity. So always check your stuff. Know a no is not a problem. Be always cautious, under water we cannot breathe without equipment.

Then there are and will always be thrillseekers. That are the ones that can go too far. I think doc deep was one of them. Not feeling or seeing any problems or being afraid of things going wrong.
 
After I wrote the article A Fatal Attempt: Psychological Factors in the Failed World Depth Record Attempt 2015, I was contacted by many people who had connections to Dr Garman and his support team.

That included people significantly involved in the scuba and dive medicine industry in USVI.

Whilst I couldn't/wouldn't exactly estate what and how concerns were communicated to him and his team; I do know that they had access to that expertise and advice. I also know that those on the periphery of his planned attempt had very significant doubts... a low expectation of success/survival.

The general theme was that 'nothing was going to stop him... that's just how he was'.

I've also heard that his team 'reached out' to known extreme deep divers for advice. I don't know what advice was given, or whether it was supportive and technically enabling, or discouraging. I don't think, from what I've heard, that he or his team traveled anywhere else for expert training or in-water evaluation in preparation for his attempt.

We must also remember that a representative of his team did post on Scubaboard to market the attempt. Questions were asked and the answers his team supplied led to a board response that was categorically negative and insisted on caution.

Many of those commenting on the thread/s had significant and relevant experience of extreme deep technical diving and/or dive medicine. Basically, his team representative was told; "You're gonna die". His team stopped posting, other than their own Facebook page, soon after that.

I can only guess that a barrage of negative response was not what he, or his team, expected... and that they didn't want to hear it. It caused them to internalize as a team and disregard their peers. The rest is explained in my article.

I did not know of the outreach other than what was offered here and on facebook. I guess I'm continually surprised that a physician could be such a poor listener - about his own health/mortality.
 
"Is someone doing all technical courses within 2 years after being certified as ow diver going too fast? In what perspective do you look?"

Courses teach skills, but those skills need to be applied repeatedly over time for them to become ingrained. I do look whether a diver has allowed for periods of skill reinforcement and refinement between acquiring new skills.

"Is it the 24 months to complete the ow, aow, nitrox, adv. nitrox, normoxic trimix, full trimix and full cave course too fast? And if you know the diver has done over 500 dives in 2 years? Does this change your opinion? 500 dives in 2 years or in 10 years, does it make sense?"

What matters is the balance between training and experience. An imbalance between the two invariably indicates flaws.

Whilst divers do vary in their individual capacity to learn and ingrain skills, for each diver there is probably some unique 'golden ratio' between skill acquisition and skill application dives.

The pace of development is less critical than getting the balance right. That, however, assumes that low frequency diving is offset by conducting the necessary practice to prevent skill-fade.

"who is more experienced?"

The concept of gaining "experience" is very vague.

Experience includes multiple facets of development:

1. In-water time allowing repeated application of core skills learnt in formal training (ingraining).
2. In-water time allowing repeated application of contingency skills learnt in formal training (refreshing).
3. In-water time allowing development of more intuitive/instinctive equipment and protocol familiarity.
4. In-water time allowing random exposure to situations that develop personal competencies (i.e. problem solving,stress management)​

Any single given dive can contain greater, or lesser, elements of the above facets. To some extent, the individual diver can shape the experience benefit from their dives; but there is also a random element to other aspects (like problems/emergencies arising). This includes learning from mistakes.

We can say that experience acquisition is dependent on both the quality and number of dives conducted by an individual. That's impossible to gauge unless you have first-hand knowledge of the dives someone conducted.
  • A diver who practices in the pool every week might develop well in #1-3, but have no development of #4.
  • A diver who goes out and does infrequent challenging dives, but never does dedicated practice dives might develop #4, but have underlying weakness in #1-3.
  • A diver who focuses on #1, but ignores #2 will look good on routine dives, but expose significant weakness when emergencies occur.
What's better?

Spending 6 hours in shallow water repeating skills?
Spending 120 minutes on a deep/hypoxic trimix dive?

Diving 2x a month on deep offshore wrecks?
Diving 8x a month in quarry?
Neither example is 'right' or a 'wrong'. Either develops 'experience'. What we see is a bias in the facet of experienced being developed.

The term we look for is a 'well-rounded' experienced diver. A diver who commits to developing all of the experience facets needed to improve themselves.

What you can gauge is a diver's performance under evaluation. This is why assessment check-out dives are critical. Those check-out dives must examine all aspects of experience (#1-4).

"And if people who say going too fast, what kind of dives have you done? Can you judge if you are only certified to 30m about a 100m dive?"

You can only assess someone based on your own personal perspectives. Those perspectives are shaped by your individual experience, your learning capability, your diving history...

This is where the value of experienced instructors becomes realized. Instructors are in a position to observe student divers and learn more about the spectrum of competencies and capabilities. With experience, they can develop certain baselines and evaluations that can be extrapolated from one diver to another. This, of course, assumes that the instructor concerned also has personal expertise in the level of diving considered.

"Another thing: a diver who did all tech courses with 1 instructor, is this done because of this instructor was easy and just paying to get a cert? Or was it a good instructor? If the diver did his courses with different instructors, was this because the first instructors where bad? or because the diver wanted to learn from more than 1 instructor? Or the first instructors refused to teach the diver further, so the diver needed to find another instructor for the next step?"

In essence, this refers simply to 'quality of training'. I've found that assessing a diver's mindset will often answer any questions about the 'strategy' they employed when sourcing instruction.

One thing is for sure... quality of (tech) training is no longer a given. Possession of X, Y or Z certification cards means little-to-nothing nowadays.

Again, this only serves to highlight the need for assessment check-out dives.

"Every diver, how experienced he is, can get in trouble or panic. But the more real experience the more ways to solve potential problems."

Stress presents when a diver cannot see a resolution to a harmful situation.

Panic presents when a diver accepts they are 'powerless' to save themselves.

This is true from an open water student to an elite cave explorer. What differs is the individual capacity to identify resolutions and/or the timescale before an individual accepts they are 'powerless' in a given situation.

There are 3 primary factors which influence this:

1. Psychological Robustness. How quickly an individual 'gives up the fight'. A very complex component which involves both nature and nurture factors.
2. Experiential Reassurance. Have they solved the problem before, or can extrapolate a solution from past experience.
3. Training Reaction. Will/can they apply a corrective solution based upon the correct ingrained responses to given stimuli.​

"Experienced divers can become lazy too".

In short, complacency.

Accident statistics show a trend for the highest accident rates amongst (1) novice divers and (2) very experienced divers.

I do wonder if the fact that qualifications are more frequently handed out like toffee will lead to a new statistic... a high accident rate in very qualified, but relatively novice divers.

"Then there are and will always be thrillseekers".

To be honest, I just don't see many 'thrillseekers' doing advanced diving.

It's just not that 'thrilling', in the adrenaline sense, as an extreme sport.

What I DO see often is prestige seekers.

This encapsulates a specific diver motivation - that being, to appear as elite or superior amongst the diving community.

Dr Garman sought prestige, not thrill.
Many DIR Acolytes seek prestige, not skill.
Most Card-Collectors seek prestige, not capability.

  • If a qualification level or diving achievement is perceived to be prestigious, then there are always those who will seek it.
  • If an agency is deemed prestigious, there will always be those who want association with it.
  • If following a specific approach, or displaying a given image might garner prestige, there will always be those who strive for that.
Be under no illusions that technical and cave diving is often seen as prestigious.

Even within that tech community, there are sub-groups deemed as more prestigious when viewed from below. Full Trimix qualification... sidemount CCR... certain 'elite' agencies... shipwrecks that are described as the 'Mt Everest of scuba diving'.... you get the idea...

When divers seek prestige, there's always something bigger and better to pursue. There's no end to it..... unless;

1) The money runs out (common)
2) Someone with ethics and responsibility is successful in counselling the diver (rare)
3) The consequences eventually bite a diver in the ass (tragic).

There are different motivations for doing training, choosing an agency or conducting challenging dives. Some indicate a positive mindset towards development for the right reasons. Others are quite superficial. If they are superficial, there are often flaws in the diver themselves.


.....all I've learned is that you cannot predict an individual diver's competency until you understand their motivations and mindset; and have seen them display the sum product of their skill and experience development in-water.
 
Last edited:
As an offshoot from boulderjohn's thoughtful post:

'How do we know the difference between a reasonable step forward and an unreasonable leap into danger?'

What matrix or methods do you personally use to assess your current limits? Secondly, how do you decide how to extend them?

Regards,
Cameron
I did not know of the outreach other than what was offered here and on facebook. I guess I'm continually surprised that a physician could be such a poor listener - about his own health/mortality.
. . .It is here where you must utterly rely on your own judgment. To step from a daily life that is carefully bounded by laws and safety locks and guardrails into a predicament where your life hinges on your own ability to assess a dangerous situation can be both disconcerting and exhilarating. . . there is a profound desire for this kind of self-reliance among many people who live in an era when, in the Western world anyway, there is very little opportunity for it. In a difficult or risky situation in the wilderness, the total reliance on oneself and trust in one's teammates and the need for total focus -whether climbing a rock face, skiing a steep chute, or paddling a whitewater canyon- brings a crystalline awareness of the world around one and at the same time a kind of obliteration of the separateness of the self. One hears it again and again: that at moments like this the participant feels acutely alive.

There are risks of course -risks of all sizes- and sometimes the participant pays the ultimate price for them. . . there are no sure answers, no solid black lines to demarcate caution from boldness, and boldness from foolishness, or rather that those lines constantly shift depending on circumstance and the individual . . . So why go in the first place?

. . .Ultimately, each person who ventures out must make his or her own decisions about how far to go and what point to turn back. There's an old saying among prospectors who comb the hills for gold here in the American West: "Gold is where you find it". You can say the same about adventure. For that matter, you can say it about risk, about death, and about being acutely alive. . .

(Abridged, from the book, Last Breath: Cautionary Tales From The Limits of Human Endurance by Peter Stark)
 
Last edited:
https://www.shearwater.com/products/peregrine/
http://cavediveflorida.com/Rum_House.htm

Back
Top Bottom