Sorry, I was not clear enough: the first problem, leaving the soft palate open, is nothing worrying. You have simply to LEARN how to control voluntarily this valve. Almost everyone can learn, practising some exercise at home. One very simple is breathing through a small pipe, making bubbles in a glass of water and sucking back the water. Or filling a rubber balloon. The final exercise is in the bath tube, you submerge your face while breathing with the snorkel.
Usually all my students managed to learn to control their soft palate in due time (usually 2 to 3 months of daily exercise at home).
The second problem instead is a reflex. So in this case it something happening outside your voluntary control, and closing both valves (soft palate and epiglottis). It is not just matter of getting voluntary control of some muscles, it is matter of de-powering a natural reflex, and this is not just matter of training or doing exercises (they can help, but are not always successful).
A fraction of people never get rid of this reflex, and this people, in my opinion, are unsafe breathing underwater, as some accident can occur impairing entirely their capability of breathing, and more dangerously to expel air while surfacing. The sad thing is that these guys are often very good swimmers, people who spent all their life in water. And this is the reason for which the neo-natal reflex did not disappear, as it was continuously triggered by the fact that these children continued going underwater since their birth. So they are very aquatic, they swim like a fish, they will never drown. Still, they cannot breath underwater without a mask, and they risk suffocating even with a mask, if some water droplet inside it triggers the reflex...