There is a big distinction based on the purpose of travel. If an Italian is abroad for work or for study, our health system covers all sanitary expenses, including transportations. You have to anticipate the expenses, and you are refunded by the Italian state when back in Italy.
If instead you are a tourist, you need to provide for your own health insurance while traveling abroad. That is where DAN comes in, very useful and powerful!
More info (in Italian) here:
Rimborso spese sanitarie sostenute all'estero