I haven't stopped by the diving medicine section recently.
I am an ophthalmic photographer not a doctor. That said, I have not seen any association of detached or torn retinas with diving. Mypoia is the chief culprit because the eyeball is elongated in near-sighted people. We all suffer some amount of liquefaction of our vitreous humor (the jelly which maintains the shape of your eye) as we age. This can lead to uneven stress distributed over the retina, which can cause posterior vitreous detachments (benign) or tears, holes and detachments (serious).
Scleral buckles are basically a rubber band applied around the outside of an eyeball. They hold a block of sponge against the area over the detachment. The vitreous volume may be adjusted or the fluid under the detachment may have to be removed.
Your eye is mostly liquid and unless you are getting a mask squeeze there is no particular extra torque or pressure exerted on your eyes from diving.
Signs of a possible retinal tear or detachment include a sudden increase in floaters; flashes of light perceived even in a well light environment; spots, shadows or cobwebs appearing in your peripheral visual field, but just in one eye. Should you experience any vision issues, get it checked out ASAP. Don't let them schedule you in weeks or months, tell them what your symptoms are and get examined.
