I also added the word significant. Because its true. You can't point to single significant mutation in nature that isn't fatal. All I need is one.
Still ignoreing all of those citations we provided earlier? Here's a few more:
1 mutation, your resistant to HIV:
Lancet. 1998 Jan 3;351(9095):14-8. HIV-1-resistance phenotype conferred by combination of two separate inherited
mutations of CCR5 gene. Quillent C, Oberlin E, Braun J, Rousset D, Gonzalez-Canali G, Métais P,
Montagnier L, Virelizier JL, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Beretta A.
And, to make things better, the same mutation protects you from heart attack, provides some resistance to TB, pneumonia, plauge, asthma, and possibly many other autoimmune disorders:
Genes Immun. 2001 Jun;2(4):191-5.Genetic variation at the chemokine receptors CCR5/CCR2 in myocardial infarction.
González P, Alvarez R, Batalla A, Reguero JR, Alvarez V, Astudillo A, Cubero GI,
Cortina A, Coto E.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Jun;119(6):1545-7. CCR5 Delta 32 mutation, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and asthma.
Ungvári I, Tölgyesi G, Semsei AF, Nagy A, Radosits K, Keszei M, Kozma GT, Falus
A, Szalai C.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):15276-9. Evaluating plague and smallpox as historical selective pressures for the
CCR5-Delta 32 HIV-resistance allele. Galvani AP, Slatkin M.
So there's one. Now, lets see, a few more:
Heredity. 2008 May;100(5):446-52. The spread of a beneficial mutation in experimental bacterial populations: the
influence of the environment and genotype on the fixation of rpoS mutations.
Ferenci T.
Papadopoulos, D., Schneider, D., Meier-Eiss, J., Arber, W., Lenski, R. E., Blot, M. (1999). Genomic evolution during a 10,000-generation
experiment with bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96: 3807-3812
Brown CJ, Todd KM, Rosenzweig RF (1998) Multiple duplications of yeast hexose transport genes in response to selection in a glucose-limited environment. Mol Biol Evol 1998 Aug;15(8):931-42 Nature 387, 708 - 713
Hall BG, Zuzel T. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980 Jun 77:6 3529-33
Hall BG Biochemistry 1981 Jul 7 20:14 4042-9
And here's a good one: 12% of
random mutations enhanced fitness in
E. coli.
Contribution of individual random mutations to genotype-by-environment interactions in Escherichia coli -- Remold and Lenski 98 (20): 11388 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Bryan
PS: I don't actually expect ce to read those; wouldn't want to challenge ones beliefs, would we? I'm sure he'll rationalize them away by saying something like "the e. coli didn't grow three arms, one wing, and being speaking, therefore it isn't a "real" mutation"...