By design, "locking" SAE J1926 straight thread bosses should come from the metal to metal contact/friction caused by proper torquing of the threads instead of any torque limiting contributed by the O-ring. Could it be that you are not tightening the connection enough? The connection should be lightly torgued, but just enough that it doesn't unscrew or back off in use.
I don't recall the proper torque for this connection, but @couv or @herman probably do.
SP gives a torque value of 44 inch pounds for hp (7/16") and lp (3/8") port fittings going into the first stage.
However, I thought the OP was asking about adding a washer to the outside of the second stage air barrel (9/16") to act as a friction device.
OP, "I've been installing '013' Viton O-rings when attaching 2nd stages to LP hoses..."
I don't see how this would be an improvement over metal to metal contact.
OP: "and is a better idea than just having raw chromed brass surfaces as the mating surface."
Again, the metal to metal interface provides the friction necessary to prevent loosening.
How much torque? I don't remember ever seeing a specified amount, so I've always used: Run the fitting down finger tight until the surfaces meet-then snug with a wrench. Snug? How snug you say. Unlike some hydraulic fitting where one uses a torque wrench or counts flats of the 'B' nut, you should not even see the wrench/fitting move.
Everyone reading this tread would be interested in Akimbo's excellent article:
O-rings for Divers