If someone wanted to get a permit for their boat, could they get one by meeting all the requirements, passing inspections, and paying a fee?
NO, there is a moratorium on new permits and there has been for many years.
Or do they have to buy an existing permit from a current owner? YES
Is this about protecting the marine park or about restricting competition and driving up the cash value of an existing permit.
It's about limiting the number of boats in the park and those who do operate do so legally while respecting park regulations.
If they offered permits to any boat that meets the requirements and pays a fee, would this still be an issue?
Not sure where you're going with this, but obtaining a MP permit requires the most paperwork of all of our permits to prove you are a legally operating business, have insurance, coverage for the crew & passengers, have a license to actually be in business and pay taxes, etc. They are renewed every two years and there have been boats who have lost their permits for various non-compliance reasons.
Are there existing permits/boats available for sale?
I am sure there are always people willing to sell boats/permits for a price. But the marina park also has to approve the transfer of any permits and must approve that the boat they are transferring to meets inspection, etc. WAY too much to go into here.
Who are they being sold by, the marine park or the last owner of the permit?
Last owner of the permit
Will one wealthy family eventually own all the permits as they buy them from struggling operators?
No
Are the permits limited in number based on any sort of scientific research to preserve the park?
Yes, but I don't have the details of that data.
Is this an example of existing businesses erecting barriers to entry for new competition?
Not at all - anyone who has the resources and who is willing to operate legally is welcome.
I am not trolling, I am interested in how it all works. I have no plans to start a dive op, but might like to operate a sunset cruise boat in the future, which also needs a permit to operate in the park boundaries.