Because both, computer and/or your brain can / will fail.
I don't think that is the primary reason. Indeed, if that were the only problem, redundancy would solve it.
The real reason is to understand what the computer says and to behave correctly when:
(1) you must NOT follow the computer, for some reasons;
(2) despite you follow the computer, s**t happens;
(3) I can't think about anything else right now, but for sure, there is something else.
Regarding point (1), imagine you have an accident underwater, and you need to resurface. How would you manage it if you have always followed the computer in your life and have no clue how to manage a deco ascent on your own and can not understand the risks of missed and/or reduced duration of obligated deco stop?
Regarding point (2), imagine that you have symptoms of deco illness after the dive. How bad is it? Is it about deep or shallow tissues? Etc.
Or, maybe, the computer is giving some weird information; in such a scenario, a person who doesn't know how to manage an ascent could be in one of these three situations:
{A} if you only have a computer, you would follow the wrong computer;
{B} if you have two, you would probably follow the most conservative, which can, however, lead to dangerous situations (for instance, if the weather is changing for the worse at the surface);
{C} you have several computers, in which case you can isolate the malfunctioning one (still, even with thousands of computers, the problems previously mentioned exist).
If you have an excellent comprehension of how a computer works and the theory behind them, you can manage these scenarios appropriately (and, usually, even prevent them). Furthermore, using the computer would be easier.
Again, GUE isn't against computers; it is for understanding them. Often, when you understand you don't strictly need them... still, they are nice to have, I use one, and all my friends use at least one.