You present an interesting question and story. First, you are not alone. General anxiety or stress comes over divers for no apparent reason at times. Rather than trying to analyze the root cause, which may in fact be futile, I think you should focus on the positives- you recognized your stress and anxiety; you responded properly by stopping, thinking, relaxing, and calming yourself. You terminated the dive for safety reasons. You recognized this the next day, and rather than force a decent, surfaced , took a moment, reevaluated and then, determining you coulyour stres the next day,took corrective and cautious steps in ascending, and collecting yourself before the second decent, and were intune with your stress. Comfort in the water will come with each additional hour of bottom time. Be attentive to you body and psyche, but don't overthink things like breathing. From your post I am confident you will become more comfortable with each dive, and I like your focusand coolheadedness even as a new diver. I'd dive with you any time.
DivemasterDennis