Walter,
How exactly would you ask "how much deco do you have" and then how would one respond "3 minutes of deco at 20' " and then sign "ascend to 20' for three minutes of deco". And please do it one handed as the other one is being used to drive your scooter, hold your camera, or is busy holding onto the anchor line. Feel free to post pictures.
I am willing to bet if we opened this challenge up to the whole board, a lot more people could do, figure it out or understand it with caves signs than in ASL with near perfect agreement on what was meant simply because it is directly relvent to diving, is not over kill and has been around the diving community for 30 years or so.
As for numbers, the ASL method is not intuitive and most people do not even count on their fingers that way. In the cave system you take the intuitive finger counting scheme and make only one modification - numbers 5-9 are horizontal. I can teach someone to do it in 30 seconds and after 5 minutes of practice they are reasonbably proficient. Absent the sudden onset of alzheimers or a stroke they will also remember it the following weekend. The same cannot be said for ASL numbers.
Regarding the rest - the "I love you" versus "airplane" versus "flying" (and we just as well add the index finger from the other hand and bring "helicopter" into the mix as well) is a good example - presentation is important in ASL and subtle differences in orientation or movement are easily missed or lost in low light, current, etc by a diver who is by neccessity focused on diving and only minimally proficient in ASL. When you consider the divers involved are also most likely under the influence of some degree of narcosis, the need for simple static signs that the diver can look at for a couple seconds to process becomes self evident.
It was suggested above that if someone introduced a better system, cave divers would accept it, That is true, but you would have to prove it too them first. For all the reasons outlined above, the ASL number system and many ASL signs woudl not make the cut. That said, I know many cave divers who use some ASL signs when they make sense, when they are easy to remember and when they are agreed upon prior to the dive. For example "Fun" works well to convey that we are just going to screw around for a while in the cavern at the end of the dive.