I don't know the technical explanation of how they work...thats what Google is for.
Here's MY experience with Atomic split fins. I'm 48 and have crappy knees from years of playing baseball (catcher), football, and the military. Regular blade fins cause my knees some grief after a couple days of constant diving, regardless of the kick style. I can dive all week, 5 dives a day in my Atomics split fins and my knees don't hurt a bit. I find them negative underwater and have to adjust my bouyancy accordingly, especially when I'm hovering for a photo.
They aren't great for frog kicking, but it can be done. They aren't great in currents, but it can be done.
I prefer my Avanti Quattros most of the time, but I usually need ice packs and Motrin after a couple of days.
I'm sure this response had nothing to do with the OPs question, but its Friday afternoon and I'm killing time until I shut down my computer and head out for a margarita.
Peace and Bubbles.