One interesting point is that the labeling requirements in 49 CFR 172 only apply to a "person who offers a hazardous material for transportation" or a "carrier by air, highway, rail, or water who transports a hazardous material." 49 CFR 172.3(a). Ditto the O2 cleaning requirements for AL cylinders in 49 CFR 173.302(b), which only apply to cylinders "offered for transportation." 49 CFR 173.301(a) and 173.302(a).
However, 49 CFR 171.1, which governs to whom the entire HMR can apply, speaks of its applicability being the limited context of "transportation of a hazardous material
in commerce" and specifically exempts "Transportation of a hazardous material by an individual for non-commercial purposes in a private motor vehicle." And "carrier" is defined in the HMR as being limited to transport "in commerce":"
Carrier means a person who transports passengers or property in commerce by rail car, aircraft, motor vehicle, or vessel." 49 CFR 171.8.
The wrinkle is that "transportation" as defined in the HMR does
not get limited to that which occurs "in commerce": "
Transportation or
transport means the movement of property and loading, unloading, or storage incidental to that movement." 49 CFR 171.8. So there's an argument that the labeling and cleaning requirements of the HMR apply even without there being transport in commerce, like when you go to drop your tank off for filling or pick it up from filling.
Still, it's ultimately a bad argument because of the breadth of 49 CFR 171.1(d)(6): "Functions not subject to the requirements of the HMR. The following are examples of activities to which the HMR do not apply: Transportation of a hazardous material by an individual for non-commercial purposes in a private motor vehicle, including a leased or rented motor vehicle." Taking that statement, which exempts a type of "transportation," and looking at labeling/cleaning requirement sections that say they apply when "offered for transportation"...it's pretty clear that nothing in the HMR applies to anything in connection with private, non-commercial transportation.
Not that any of this statutory parsing really matters, of course, because no shop in its right mind will fill things with O2 without knowing they're clean