To begin, I haven't seen a CO2 'shark dart' since 1975. Doesn't mean they don't exist though.
A powerhead is a more effective deterrent; you don't have to make a perfect fatal hit, the concussion from any direct strike will send Mr shark off into a spiral or the beast will run off in a straight line. It won't be back.
Finding a good powerhead is tough. Some are made from inferior steel and cause the spent case to jam in the barrel. Waterproof ammo can be a problem. Best practice is to use military waterproof ammo and if you carry extra rounds put each in a balloon (with a tiny puff of air). In fact, it is best to carry all ammo in balloons and load up when on the bottom. Personally, I like the .223 and 44 MAG. I wish they made a .45 because there is waterproof military ammo in this caliber unlike the .44. Non Mil ammo can be proofed with lacquer but it can also harden the primer making it misfire.
There is sometimes a problem with changing over from a regular spear head and powerhead while underwater. Some guys make a sealed plastic power head good for one shot. The slip tip is removed from the spear and the powerhead slipped on (friction fit). This is an inertia design. There are two types of spring action powerheads, strong spring for guns and soft spring for handspear.
Some powerheads have special safety considerations. Most are supplied with an 'arming wire' or safety catch in the form of a knurled knob.
This is a fairly complicated subject and I dislike preparing another lecture series like on the 'compressor' thread. Do some research and ask a more specific question. Thanks.
Pesky