I've been in the auto body repair business since 1979 both metal man and painter. I have my own marine repair business now doing fberglass/gel coat, Awl Grip polyurethane, epoxy systems, primers, catylized zinc rich primers, all the industrial products not available to the general public. I've sprayed cars, pick ups, big rigs, trailers, boats, aircraft parts, etc. so I think I'm qualified to answer your question.
Unless you already have several hundred (or thousand) dollars worth of spray equipment, air compressor, D/A sander, several grits of commercial grade abrasives (not the crap from home depot) and are willing to spend probably equal to maybe a touch more on materials than what the tank is worth I would do this:
Clean it up the best you can with a wire brush (if rusty) and scuff pad. Sand out any surface rust coming through galvanizing with 220 grit sandpaper. Paint it with a zinc rich brushable coating like what they use on outdoor steel as a quick and dirty answer to keep it from rusting. With all my tools, equipment, extra polyurethane paint laying around from jobs past, I still prefer just to do it this way.
You can find the zinc coating at any welding supply store. It's about $50 for a quart can but it will last a long time and you could do dozens of tanks with one can. The product should be at least 80% zinc dust suspended in a resin vehicle like a solvent based acrylic polymer.
Zinc is a sacrificial metal so even if you get a scratch and a bit comes off exposing a little bare steel, the metal will actually "heal" itself in that spot due to the zinc pulling away any corrosive action caused by electrolosis by taking the hit, so to speak.
With polyurethanes, (if a zinc coating is not put on the bare steel first), it will work, but in the event there is a pinhole or a chip the rust will begin to grow under the tough coating and blister. Plain zinc on steel won't do that, it breathes but doesn't rust because the surface of the steel is held in dynamic suspension.
The only time you see it begin to rust is when the zinc begins to get thin and wear off, but the steel still does not blister and pit as a result, it just begins to turn a smooth reddish color which is telling.
Zinc and steel are a beautiful thing together.
If it's al aluminum tank, the only suggestion I have is to completely strip off any paint on the tank, sand the surface with 400 grit on an orbital sander, and polish it out with a 8" cotton edge buff wheel and bar rouge. I had a few like this and they lasted longer than any other aluminum tankl I ever had. All I had to do to maintain the shine was hit it with a little aluminum wheel polish every few months and it looked brand new. Leaving it open like that, the metal could breathe and as such never corroded. Plus the high shine and slick surface didn't allow any salt to penetrate the surface of the aluminum, so it would just bead off, dry, and that was it. The only thing that would tarnish the aluminum was a chlorinated pool. The ocean never screwed up my polish tanks.