Before globalization did occur, diving was very different in different parts of the world.
I can report on how it was here in Italy 50 years ago.
The mediterranean is warm during summer. So no diving suit... Hence no change in buoyancy with depth.
We did dive deep: the normal rec limit was 50m with deco, all done in air. Some were going even deeper, the limit for air was considered 90m, they were hunting red coral.
The standard tank was a twin tank of 10+10 liters at 150-200 bars (my first twin tank was at 170 bars, but routinely overfilled at 200). No BCD, no pressure gauge, reserve on the right tank. Two valves, no separation manifold, two posts, two complete regs (two first stages, two second stages).
Depth meter, wrist-watch and US Navy tables.
Most divers were mostly free divers, who occasionally also used air tanks, or pure oxygen rebreathers (ARO) for shallow diving.
Scuba training was cheap and very long (the course was 6 months long), based mostly on free diving and using the ARO.
Less than 1/3 of the initial students did arrive to being certified.
There were no specialties: just 3 levels for divers (1, 2 or 3 stars) and 3 levels for instructors.
Reaching the highest rank was incredibly difficult: my 3-stars instructor certification carries the number 14 and I got it in 1982.
This means that, before me, in the previous 30 years only 13 other guys did get the same certification.
Females were favoured here for a number of reasons, but only at low and medium levels.