We had a book, but no real exam. This is now changed, a new book. I haven't looked yet if there is an exam or not. There was a chapter about decompressiontheory, a lot of people did not like it, haha.Well, things really are different in different countries. Our 3* syllabus includes:
17 theory sessions, each about 45 minutes, plus the theory exam
4 practical sessions topside
10 ocean dives, however the instructor has some freedom to combine some of them as long as the necessary skills are covered and mastered by the student.
I'd be hard pressed to do that in a weekend...
I have done a lot of courses (sports, hobby, work, not only diving) by only doing an exam. I prefer the option to do self-study. I need agencies or instructors who can give you this freedom. There is nothing wrong with self study. But as for a lot of things, not for everybody. I did my 3* with an instructor I paid for as I needed some progress. In my club it was group theory sessions, and it would take almost a year and nobody had time. I needed the 3* or DM fast, so decided to pay for it. The 3* fitted best as you don't have extra costs for fee or insurance.
The biggest difference between cmas and other agencies is how fast you can get a cert. Not the overal quality, that is ok with all. Within cmas it is normally slow. it is in clubs, so voluntary, etc. You must like it. I am still a cmas member and instructor and commercial instructor, but have done all my courses by paying for it, the commercial way. I had no time to progress only 1 cert a year, I am a person that want it now. Of course I have in my club people who do not like the commercial agencies or certs, but there is no proof that the quality is bad. If you have time then the club is an option. But as the instrucors do it as a hobby, they have a normal job also, so a no, no time this weekend is normal. If you pay for a course, you pay for the instrucrtor, so the instructor is there when it fits you. That is the biggest difference. Commercial instructors have paid a lot to become instructor. And if they teach higher levels such as tech, the costs were really high. The commercial instructor had and has its costs that has to be covered. And even then it will take 10 years or never to earn it back. That is why diving has its price. Faster is more expensive in money, but cheaper in time. Slower can be cheaper in money, but more expensive in time.
A cmas course on a club is most times only planned if there are more than 1 persons who want to do it.