Zef pretty much nails it.
A couple of minor points.
The 12, 15, 22 and 52 (and older 16 and 32) balanced diaphragm first stages all use the same internal service parts. They will be available forever. Only the 42 has its own unique parts.
The only difference between the MRxxT and xxX (e.g. MR22T and 22X) versions is an upgraded sealing material on the face of the poppet. The newer (after 2015) "ACT" poppet on the X versions is a straight swap for the "tri-material" poppet on the T versions. It will get upgraded at the next service or if there is a problem. The tri-material seal actually works quite well and was itself an upgrade over both the original poppet seal and SCS seal of the late 90s and early 00s.
For historical context, first stages with the SCS seals had a V prefix. Note that all first stages except the 42 (and some really old versions of the MR12 with a single HP port that had a non-replaceable seat) can be upgraded to the current sealing system by swapping in a new poppet or poppet and a new seat.
There is an internal difference the MR12 has compared to the rest of the Mares diaphragm st stages that has been eating at me. At first I thought it might be a poppet difference but after a little refresher research I believe the difference is that th MR12 has the high pressure seat machined into the body of the 1st stage instead of a removable high pressure seat (part # 46186216???).
Do more recently produced MR12 1st stages have removable HP seats? Or am I just off on the whole MR12 thing and there is no major difference to the other 1st stages in the lineup?
-Z