To answer a couple of questions I missed.
(I seldom dive twinsets now, I've switched to CCR for most diving, thats slightly academic).
1. Viable Depths for a pony.
I always reckoned that deeper than 30m, I would always be on a twinset, shallower than that, a pony as the Redundant Gas Source.
2. Planning.
Gas planning should always be the worst case scenario. i.e.
- if you only dive a single cylinder. you should reach the end of the dive with sufficient gas to get yourself and your buddy to the surface safely (using an octopus).
- if you dive with a pony, You should ensure that the dive plan will allow you to surface on the pony completing any penalty you have accrued.
- Twinset. At the end of the dive you should be able to ascend with enough gas to get yourself and your buddy to the surface, one on post A one on post B, completing any compulsory decompression required.
- Twinset and decompression stage. Two options, sufficient gas to get both divers to the surface without using the stage, completing all decompression required. Sufficient gas to get to the surface with diver A using the decompression gas Diver B remaining on Diver A's back gas, then Diver A switching back to back gas and diver B taking the decompression gas.
- There is always the case of staged cylinders, team bailout etc, but thats a very different matter, and certainly not recreational diving.
In case people have forgotten, a diver should not finish a dive by emptying his/her cylinder. They should ascend with a reserve in place (most contents gauges are marked red at 50bar). The convention is to ascend with 1/3 of their gas remaining, this should (by calculation) be sufficient to get both divers to the surface safely in the event of an incident.
3. Dives I regularly used a pony.
- When Instructing
- cold water
- wreck diving
- low visibility
- drift diving
- unknown buddy
- any dive over 20m
- any dive I carried a camera
- any dive my buddy carried a camera
- any dive involving search/lift/recovery
The above are assuming I wasn't using a twinset. I would say the vast majority of dives have been either on a twinset or a CCR. There are occasions I would have preferred either a twinset, pony, or stage, these have been on warm water holidays (Egypt, Asia, and the Med - blue water diving).
Ultimately, it's a personal choice. As I previously said in the thread, there are thousands of dives done on a conventional single cylinder setup without incident.
Carrying a redundant gas source is, I think, a product of diving environment, and diver training.
It is notable, that divers who normally carry redundant gas sources (pony's, twinsets etc), will often dive single cylinder with no redundant gas source well beyond their normal comfort levels in warm blue water - sometimes foolishly.