I've not personally been to Dumaguete... it was very high on my list until this year. Although I'm sure there is other good diving in the area, the big draw for me was the Ducomi Pier which was world famous as a macro site, being compared to places like Lembeh Straits.
Reports now are that after the owners began making needed repairs on the pier it's pretty much finished as a dive site
Theres another thread on that subject so no need for us to turn this thread into a re-hash.
As for travel time... if it's planned correctly, that can be kept to a minimum. Plan two destinations with a travel day in the middle. Good to take a day off then anyway to off-gas a little (so DAN tells us
)
Some examples from my own experience:
My first trip to the Philippines was only for a week. I arrived in Manila after 10PM and after spending the night in a hotel in Manila got up early, caught a bus, then a ferry, and was in Puerto Galera early the next afternoon. If you arrive on a morning flight, you could be in Puerto Galera and diving on the first day (or Anilao).
My second trip to the Philippines, I arrived in Cebu on an evening flight and was making my first dive the next morning at 7:36 AM on Monad Shoal in Malapascua. After 9 dive days, I went back to Cebu City on a Friday.
Took a break for a couple of days (after 9 days in Malapascua you would want to
) (see my trip report on that). I then took a cab to Moalboal leaving late on Sunday morning, arriving in Moalboal in time to dive on Sunday night. I could have opted to go straight to Moalboal and completed that travel in a day. I could have likely went to Southern Leyte or Bohol and completed that travel in probably a day and half (has to be timed right). (A 17 day trip if I remember correctly)
On my 3rd Philippines trip, I arrived at Anilao in time to get in a night dive on the day I arrived. I dived all week, transferred from Anilao to Puerto Galera on a Friday and was there in time to get in a night dive on Friday. (a 2 week trip)
On my 4th trip, I arrived in Manila on a Wednesday night and I was in Puerto Princesa (where I did several dives) early the next morning. I departed to Tubbataha where I dived every day Sunday-Saturday. I missed one day of diving while traveling to El Nido, got in 4 dives in El Nido on a Monday, left on the ferry to Coron on Tuesday and was diving Coron that night. (a 3 week trip w/4 days in Manila at the end)
My point in relating all this is that most dive destinations (with a few exceptions) in the Philippines are close enough that the logistics are doable. There is plenty of transportation available (flights, buses, ferries, taxi's). You can travel from one area to another in most cases in no more than a day and a half. If you're there on a 14 day trip, pick two locations you want to dive, and as long as one is not really remote, you can easily get in 10 dive days.
Most places you can do 4 dives a day. That's 40 dives... or take some down time and do some sightseeing too...
I'll reiterate, that given only 2 weeks, I would do Anilao/Puerto Galera. I would give Anilao 5 full dive days and PG 4-5 dive days. Anilao has incredible macro, and is a favorite for many underwater photographers. Puerto Galera, has wrecks, big fish, current, and plenty of macro opp's also. Puerto Galera is also where you would likely leave from to dive Verde Island which many here have called a "must-do" dive.
Just a little more to think about... I usually drive myself crazy when I'm planning a trip
The problem with the Philippines is that there is so much great diving its just hard to narrow it down sometimes. Trust me I can relate to your dilemma
Good luck
