When we were in Indonesia, we were told that, if we surfaced off the reef, we needed to shoot a bag. The interesting thing was that nobody knew how except me and my husband. And when I went to do so, on the occasion that we surfaced off the reef, the divemaster appeared quite worried about me doing it. From that, I would gather that a) very few people ever try, and b) when they do, it doesn't go well.
In the PNW. we have divemasters on charters, but they do not get in the water. They help with fins and gear if needed, and I guess they're there to help with any problems on the surface. But you get a dive briefing and you get in the water and figure it out by yourself.
I was very, very impressed with the Escapade, off which we dove in Monterey, because that boat had a safety diver, in a dry suit, ready to get in the water to render assistance. I had never seen that anywhere before.
Procedures vary from place to place.