АлександрД
Contributor
Automatical Rescue Device (mechanical!)
Soviet magazine Спортсмен-Подводник, issue 21 (1969), page 85
(floowing is autotranslated)
We need a rescue mechanism that would not require special care, except for routine prevention, the diver would not be in the way under water, would not complicate the process of putting on and scuba diving.
The technical committee of the Federation of the underwater sport of the USSR carried out work on the creation of such a Auto Rescue Mechanism (ARM).
One of the samples of the ARM mechanism was presented in 1964 at the First All-Union competition for the best examples of equipment for athletes - submariners.
The mechanism is intended for use by its light-diver, working in apparatuses, closed or open cycle and having pulmonary automata of a two-stage system.
It allows automatic ascent of a scuba diver to the surface with the help of a usual rescue bag, belt or breastplate, or a separate scuba tank mounted between the tanks or on the shoulder straps of a rubberized tank.
The mechanism monitors the breathing of a person under water. With normal breathing, the life-saving inflatable reservoir (float) is empty. In cases of cessation of breathing, it is automatically filled with air and takes the person to the surface. The lifting speed is approximately constant, the volume of the float does not change as it approaches the surface of the water.
Due to this mechanism, it is possible to avoid light barotrauma, which occurs when a person quickly leaves the water surface.
In the tumbler box of the aqualung, on which the ASP mechanism is located, there is an installation of an ejector developed by the members of the FPS Technical Committee
USSR B. Klimenko and B. Rumiantsev for arbitrary air sucking from the human body upon ascent. A special adjustment of the ejector can be achieved
suction of air even in case of throat spasms.
The ARM mechanism is a pneumatic relay controlled from the first stage reducer of the pulmonary automaton.
The pneumatic relay monitors the pressure drop in the gearbox of the machine that accompanies each inhalation of the diver when the valve (second stage) of the pulmonary automaton is opened. When a person does not breathe, the air-pressure chamber is filled with air to a pressure equal to the pressure in the reducer, then automatically (pressure
air) valve opens the float filling.
The diver himself can be controlled by the diver himself. To do this, he does not need to open any cranes, just hold his breath or do 3-4 slow breaths.
The ARM mechanism is made in the form of a separate attachment attached to the AVM-1M scuba automatic device and located between the scuba tanks below the pulmonary automaton.
The mechanism is (Fig. 11) in a brass cylindrical body. Both end faces of the case are closed by two membranes 4 and 8, which are clamped with lids 3 and 6. Air from the reducer of the pulmonary automaton is fed to the nipple and then along the channel to the nozzle, the cross-section of which is regulated by a needle protected from water by a cork that compresses the gasket. The air outlet from the inlet chamber is closed by a valve, which is mounted on the membrane of the chamber by means of a nut and pressed against the seat by a spring. The studs are studded with studs fastened to the heel. The enclosure enclosure enclosed by the mebran can communicate with the inlet chamber (by opening a check valve loaded with a spring and pressing it against the seat screwed into the housing through the gasket) or with a float attached to the union screwed into the valve body 22.
This valve opens at a pressure of 1 atm. So, if the scuba gear is adjusted to 7 atm, the ARM valve should open at a pressure of 6 atm. The union nut of the pipeline connecting the ARM mechanism with the reducer of the pulmonary automaton is screwed onto the union. The second end of the pipeline is attached with a union nut to the place of the plug in the pulmonary machine closing the adjusting screw of the valve spring of the second stage of the machine. Thus, the air supplied to the valve of the second stage of the pulmonary automaton from the reducer simultaneously enters the ARM mechanism.
The emergency and rescue mechanism works as follows. After opening the valves of the scuba tanks, air enters the entrance chamber. When a scuba diver dives, water penetrates through the holes in the lid and presses on the mebran, and the latter on the heel, while moving the studs, which, overcoming the force of the spring, open the valve of the chamber. Now the air passes into the working chamber of the rescue mechanism. Its consumption, and hence the filling time of the working chamber, depends on the position of the needle in the nozzle and can be adjusted.
The time of filling the chamber to a pressure of 6 atm is 50 seconds.
With each inhalation of a scuba diver, the pressure in the reducer of the pulmonary automaton drops by 2-3 atm (depending on the adjustment).
The pressure in the input chamber of the mechanism varies according to the same principle.
If in the period between the breaths the pressure in the reducer is equal to the setting pressure (in our case 7 atm), and the working chamber of the rescue mechanism has time to fill up to a pressure of 5 atm, then with the subsequent inspiration, when the pressure in the reducer, and consequently in the input chamber of the ARM mechanism, will fall to 4 atm, the check valve 20, loaded with a very light spring, will open and relieve the air pressure from the working chamber into the inspiratory chamber.
In a subsequent pause between the breaths, the working chamber will again tend to fill up to the pressure in the reducer, but each subsequent breath will relieve pressure from it.
In the event of a cessation of breathing, the pressure in the working chamber will increase, and at the attainment of 6 atm, a valve 22 opens, through which air will flow to fill the float. The float will lift the person to the surface. The float overpressure valve will not allow the volume of the float to increase as it approaches the surface and thus maintain a constant rate of ascent.
If the dive was done without an emergency ascent, after lifting to the surface, first the valves of the cylinders are closed, then the air from the pulmonary automaton and the rescue mechanism is sucked in a few breaths. There is no manual control of the mechanism.
Triggering of the ARM mechanism at a given depth or after the set time was not provided.
In the technical committee of the Federal Border Service of the USSR, work is underway to create the simplest rescue mechanism that responds both to human breathing and to lowering the pressure in scuba tanks below the allowable one.
Soviet magazine Спортсмен-Подводник, issue 21 (1969), page 85
(floowing is autotranslated)
We need a rescue mechanism that would not require special care, except for routine prevention, the diver would not be in the way under water, would not complicate the process of putting on and scuba diving.
The technical committee of the Federation of the underwater sport of the USSR carried out work on the creation of such a Auto Rescue Mechanism (ARM).
One of the samples of the ARM mechanism was presented in 1964 at the First All-Union competition for the best examples of equipment for athletes - submariners.
The mechanism is intended for use by its light-diver, working in apparatuses, closed or open cycle and having pulmonary automata of a two-stage system.
It allows automatic ascent of a scuba diver to the surface with the help of a usual rescue bag, belt or breastplate, or a separate scuba tank mounted between the tanks or on the shoulder straps of a rubberized tank.
The mechanism monitors the breathing of a person under water. With normal breathing, the life-saving inflatable reservoir (float) is empty. In cases of cessation of breathing, it is automatically filled with air and takes the person to the surface. The lifting speed is approximately constant, the volume of the float does not change as it approaches the surface of the water.
Due to this mechanism, it is possible to avoid light barotrauma, which occurs when a person quickly leaves the water surface.
In the tumbler box of the aqualung, on which the ASP mechanism is located, there is an installation of an ejector developed by the members of the FPS Technical Committee
USSR B. Klimenko and B. Rumiantsev for arbitrary air sucking from the human body upon ascent. A special adjustment of the ejector can be achieved
suction of air even in case of throat spasms.
The ARM mechanism is a pneumatic relay controlled from the first stage reducer of the pulmonary automaton.
The pneumatic relay monitors the pressure drop in the gearbox of the machine that accompanies each inhalation of the diver when the valve (second stage) of the pulmonary automaton is opened. When a person does not breathe, the air-pressure chamber is filled with air to a pressure equal to the pressure in the reducer, then automatically (pressure
air) valve opens the float filling.
The diver himself can be controlled by the diver himself. To do this, he does not need to open any cranes, just hold his breath or do 3-4 slow breaths.
The ARM mechanism is made in the form of a separate attachment attached to the AVM-1M scuba automatic device and located between the scuba tanks below the pulmonary automaton.
The mechanism is (Fig. 11) in a brass cylindrical body. Both end faces of the case are closed by two membranes 4 and 8, which are clamped with lids 3 and 6. Air from the reducer of the pulmonary automaton is fed to the nipple and then along the channel to the nozzle, the cross-section of which is regulated by a needle protected from water by a cork that compresses the gasket. The air outlet from the inlet chamber is closed by a valve, which is mounted on the membrane of the chamber by means of a nut and pressed against the seat by a spring. The studs are studded with studs fastened to the heel. The enclosure enclosure enclosed by the mebran can communicate with the inlet chamber (by opening a check valve loaded with a spring and pressing it against the seat screwed into the housing through the gasket) or with a float attached to the union screwed into the valve body 22.
This valve opens at a pressure of 1 atm. So, if the scuba gear is adjusted to 7 atm, the ARM valve should open at a pressure of 6 atm. The union nut of the pipeline connecting the ARM mechanism with the reducer of the pulmonary automaton is screwed onto the union. The second end of the pipeline is attached with a union nut to the place of the plug in the pulmonary machine closing the adjusting screw of the valve spring of the second stage of the machine. Thus, the air supplied to the valve of the second stage of the pulmonary automaton from the reducer simultaneously enters the ARM mechanism.
The emergency and rescue mechanism works as follows. After opening the valves of the scuba tanks, air enters the entrance chamber. When a scuba diver dives, water penetrates through the holes in the lid and presses on the mebran, and the latter on the heel, while moving the studs, which, overcoming the force of the spring, open the valve of the chamber. Now the air passes into the working chamber of the rescue mechanism. Its consumption, and hence the filling time of the working chamber, depends on the position of the needle in the nozzle and can be adjusted.
The time of filling the chamber to a pressure of 6 atm is 50 seconds.
With each inhalation of a scuba diver, the pressure in the reducer of the pulmonary automaton drops by 2-3 atm (depending on the adjustment).
The pressure in the input chamber of the mechanism varies according to the same principle.
If in the period between the breaths the pressure in the reducer is equal to the setting pressure (in our case 7 atm), and the working chamber of the rescue mechanism has time to fill up to a pressure of 5 atm, then with the subsequent inspiration, when the pressure in the reducer, and consequently in the input chamber of the ARM mechanism, will fall to 4 atm, the check valve 20, loaded with a very light spring, will open and relieve the air pressure from the working chamber into the inspiratory chamber.
In a subsequent pause between the breaths, the working chamber will again tend to fill up to the pressure in the reducer, but each subsequent breath will relieve pressure from it.
In the event of a cessation of breathing, the pressure in the working chamber will increase, and at the attainment of 6 atm, a valve 22 opens, through which air will flow to fill the float. The float will lift the person to the surface. The float overpressure valve will not allow the volume of the float to increase as it approaches the surface and thus maintain a constant rate of ascent.
If the dive was done without an emergency ascent, after lifting to the surface, first the valves of the cylinders are closed, then the air from the pulmonary automaton and the rescue mechanism is sucked in a few breaths. There is no manual control of the mechanism.
Triggering of the ARM mechanism at a given depth or after the set time was not provided.
In the technical committee of the Federal Border Service of the USSR, work is underway to create the simplest rescue mechanism that responds both to human breathing and to lowering the pressure in scuba tanks below the allowable one.
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