Well, I really think that there are five different terms that describe what goes on in the scuba regulator manufacturing business. I will attempt to give you MY take on these five terms and please understand that there terms my technically mean something different in different industries.
Manufacturer Built Regulators. These are regulators that are completely built and assembled by the manufacturer whose name appears on the front of the regulator. These regulator may still included some outside sourced parts, but by and large, the manufacturing is done in house. I remind you that these same manufacturers may ALSO make regulators for others as the OEM manufacturer.
OEM Regulator Manufacturers. These are regulator manufacturers who make regulators based upon another companies design and technical specifications. In this situation, everything about the design, appearance, and styling of the regulator is that of the company that designs and intends to market the regulator.
OEM Re-Design Manufacturers. These are regulator manufacturers who own and advertise (only in the wholesale market) certain first and second stage house designs. These manufacturers accept contracts from other scuba companies that make certain alterations to the basic house design, presenting a regulator that LOOKS much like the house design, but could have only minor or real major differences internally or externally. Ocean Divers Taiwan is a classic ( and very high quality) example of such a manufacturer.
Rebranded Regulators. These are regulators that come from one source and don't differ at all from the original, except for maybe the addition of a new name or trade mark on the front cover.
Clones. Personally, I have never seen what I think of as a clone. I think of a clone as being an identical "copy" of manufacturer A's regulator by manufacturer B. The reason you don't see this is that it doesn't make any economic sense. There might be some merit in cloning a Rolex watch, where there is some potential volume. It makes no sense to clone a scuba regulator. If you sell lots of them, you still haven't sold much. IF you already have the manufacturing capability to "clone" someone elses regulator, you might as well just start from scratch and design your own. After all, regulators are a simple design task when compared to other things that are designed every day.
In all of the cases stated above, you will see some of the parts that make up the whole being manufactured by specialists in that particular area. If you disassemble MANY of the balanced second stages on the market that employ full air tubes, you will see that the poppett assembly and balance chambers appear identical. It may be because they are! They may simply be purchased assemblies bought by a regulator manufacturer. In all of the five instances above, you will see a lot of cross-pollenation of parts. This is an economic necessity in an industry so small.
Phil Ellis