DSD Fatality in Thailand | Feb 2016

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Location
Subic Bay, Philippines
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Preliminary News Report: Tourist Dies Scuba Diving In Phi Phi National Park

Allegedly, a British MSDT, working illegally in Thailand, abandoned a DSD with ear problems at depth, to escort another DSD to the surface. The DSD perished whilst unsupervised.

Summary: "Mr Branigan left Mr Jiang underwater alone when he accompanied another diver to the surface, who was suffering ear pain due to issues with equalizing at depth,...When Mr Branigan went back underwater, Mr Jiang was not were he had left him. After a search, Mr Jiang was found unconscious....Mr Jiang was given emergency first aid and taken to Krabi Hospital. He was later pronounced dead".

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PHUKET: A tour company, a boat operator and a British dive professional are all in hot water after a tourist died in their care while scuba diving in Phi Phi national marine park yesterday.

Chinese national Minghua Jiang, 62, was recovered unconscious at about noon while scuba diving for the first time near Koh Poda (Koh Yawasam), which is part of Noppharat Thara - Mu Ko Phi Phi National Park.

Mr Jiang, who was on a scuba diving tour with Ao Nang-based Scuba Addicts, was one of two divers accompanied by British dive instructor Geoff Branigan, explained Lt Col Anurak Parinyasathiragul of the Krabi Marine Police.

“Mr Branigan left Mr Jiang underwater alone when he accompanied another diver to the surface, who was suffering ear pain due to issues with equalizing at depth,” said Col Anurak.

“When Mr Branigan went back underwater, Mr Jiang was not were he had left him. After a search, Mr Jiang was found unconscious.”

Mr Jiang was given emergency first aid and taken to Krabi Hospital. He was later pronounced dead, reported Col Anurak.

Doctors have yet to determine the cause of death, confirmed police.

Investigations revealed that the dive boat’s registration had expired on November 28 last year.

The captain, Matsin Borna, was charged with operating a longtail boat with an expired registration and operating a dive boat without permission, as well as taking people to dive in a no-diving zone.

Diving in the Phi Phi archipelago was limited to 18 dive sites, following a speedboat maiming two Russian divers (story here).

Russian nationals named by police as Sergei Dmitriev, 30, and Dmitry Kurynov, 48, were diving near Maya Bay in Phi Phi when they were hit by the speedboat, causing one diver to lose his leg and the other to suffer serious injuries. The speedboat driver was charged with reckless driving causing serious injury (story here).

“We also discovered that Mr Branigan did not have a work permit, so he was charged with working illegally in Thailand. The company he was working for was charged for illegally employing a foreigner,” Col Anurak said.

The tour company and employees could also face charges of recklessness causing death, depending on the outcome of inspections of the dive equipment used and the testimonies of other witnesses, said Col Anurak
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Leaving a DSD diver alone on the bottom?! Having lived in Thailand and observed this many times, I have always found it interesting how the reporting immediately goes to the expired licenses. I'm never sure whether the suggestion is that proper licensure would have prevented this or that the expired licenses are indeed the offense. I love Thailand and the Thai people, but there is definitely a cultural disconnect here that I've been unable to reconcile.
 
It seems like this could have been prevented with more DM's in the water. Is it normal to have just one DM/instructor in the water during a DSD?
 
It happened to me on a DSD dive in Aruba 20 years ago. After a quick morning pool session where we learned the very basic things (did only once), we headed out on the boat. Seas were a little choppy - I'd guess 2-3'. After we anchored, the instructor took me down the anchor line to ~35-40 feet (bottom) and left me on a hangline to go back up to get my wife and bring her down. She had some trouble getting her nerve up to giant stride off of the bow, and then ended up feeling panicked and calling her dive as she started down the line (got maybe 4' down - so a good call as she just did not feel comfortable). The whole time this was going on (~5 minutes), I was left alone on the bottom! The instructor then came back down and the 2 of us proceeded with a ~35 minute dive.

A few minutes in as I was following about 15 feet behind the instructor, I decided to clear my mask as it had a little too much water in it. That's how I learned that sunscreen on your face is a bad idea when diving. The water apparently washed it into my eyes and started burning. I really could barely open my eyes for a few minutes due to the stinging. As I was only a few feet above the botom, I dropped to the sandy bottom on my knees to let it pass. It took the instructor about 30 seconds before he realized I was no longer following and it was not a good feeling to barely make out that he was continuing to swim away as I struggled to see anything. Luckily, I did not panic and bolt for the surface (though I did feel the urge at first). The instructor came back, and the eye sting cleared so we continued the dive (he did signal to see if I wanted to call it, but I was OK by then).

While I had done 1, more comprehensively managed, DSD dive in grand Cayman previously and have always been comfortable in the water/never panicked, having now gone through certification, I realize how unprepared I was if something realy went wrong and the risk that dive operation (out of Hyatt Regency - forget the actual Op) put me in.
 
It seems like this could have been prevented with more DM's in the water. Is it normal to have just one DM/instructor in the water during a DSD?

It's routine and very typical for the instructor to work alone in most of the busy tourist destinations across SE Asia. Divemasters do the dive guiding work; instructors run courses.

Sometimes there might be a DM trainee; or at IDC centers, an MSDT intern.... but that's pretty rare. A DM trainee, not yet being a qualified/active-status professional doesn't count for squat when it comes to standards.
 
Odd. When my ex and I took the kids on a DSD, there was one instructor with two kids. He made it very clear he was in charge.

We adults went in first, and then accompanied the instructor and kids down. When one had ear-clearing issue, both kids went back up. This bit of two-steps down and one-step up continued for a few minutes.

Why would the DM / instructor not keep both of his 'students' together?
 
It seems like this could have been prevented with more DM's in the water. Is it normal to have just one DM/instructor in the water during a DSD?
Most of us instructors on the board have been discussing the ratios for DSD's and the practicality, safety of them. Also, wether DSD's should be in a pool or open water. Certainly for safety, I think the consensus has been 1:1 ratio which would certainly made this accident a non event.
 
Why would the DM / instructor not keep both of his 'students' together?

This is something I'm trying to fathom...and clutching at straws to explain it.

Even if one DSD had a reverse-block and couldn't ascend, whilst the other DSD was low-on-air... then the instructor could have kept them together and donated air. Unless the instructor himself was low-on-air.... not impossible if he'd been remiss to change his tank after conducting multiple DSDs in a single session.

There's a few seriously slap-dash dive pros working in Thailand... the worst type of zero-to-heros... doing diving for the worst of reasons (partying, getting laid, doing drugs). I won't suggest the instructor in this incident was one of them... but any decision to leave an untrained diver (DSD or OW student) unattended at depth seems quite indefensible by any rationale or standard.

Of course, we're all aware of how badly the media can report upon diving incidents. Something entirely different and explainable could also have occurred.
 
Most of us instructors on the board have been discussing the ratios for DSD's and the practicality, safety of them. Also, wether DSD's should be in a pool or open water. Certainly for safety, I think the consensus has been 1:1 ratio which would certainly made this accident a non event.
Training agency ratios for DSDs allow for 4:1. (They also require you to be able to make immediate physical contact with participants which you certainly can't do if you leave them on the bottom.) Whether or not 4:1 is a good idea (I personally don't think it is) is the subject of the discussion to which Jay was referring.

- Ken
 
Wow, what a mess in various ways.
The incident itself is similar to the Scouts case with multiple DSD's where IIRC an adult went up to fix a mask issue with the Instructor following, and the 2 kids stayed below. When the instructor returned, only one child was there, and the other child was found later by a certified assistant, I believe, and perished.

It's very difficult to have complete care and control, and be within arms reach at all times of 2 or more students when things go wrong, but if someone chooses to do it, they should have scenarios thought out and a good plan to do so safely.
 
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