I have heard that in some countries you can check your health by a doctor every year. Is that the annual where is talked about here?
I believe so, but actual practice varies widely.
In America, what we call the Baby Boomer generation (now roughly around their 70's+) didn't routinely see physicians unless sick, until they got old and developed chronic health problems, needed routine prescription medications, or were at least at serious risk for problems and needed monitoring (e.g.: blood pressure and cholesterol checks). When they were young, for an apparently healthy young adult to 'go see the doctor' yearly for an annual physical exam 'to make sure' wasn't a thing for many.
I'm Gen. X, in my (not so) early 50's. Aside from required immunizations for school, I didn't routinely see physicians unless I was seriously injured (e.g.: broken bones) or debilitatingly ill (even then, if it seemed a day or so bed rest and my immune system might kick it, maybe not then), other than one summer for allergy shots. Just wasn't a thing. And growing up, I had no idea what a 'well child visit' at a Pediatrician's was (nor did I have a pediatrician).
These days it seems more common for kids to have pediatricians, so they grow up accustomed to 'seeing the doctor' occasionally, but even now, most adults don't. People either being politically correct or talking like it's a norm hoping that'll help it become one sometimes talk like 'your annual physical' is a thing, but it's not.
An elderly-oriented organization called AARP in the U.S. in a 2018 article
Is It Okay To Skip Your Annual Physical? said "About one-fifth of U.S. adults get an annual physical."
P.S.: I haven't been following the recommendations for periodic pap smear screening for women, so the rate at which they see physicians might well be higher than for men. Cervical cancer is a terrible thing, especially since often preventable.