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A "cytokine storm" in dengue fever refers to a rapid and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines by the immune system during a dengue infection, which can lead to severe complications like vascular leakage, plasma leakage, and organ damage, often considered a key factor in the development of severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Key points about cytokine storm in dengue: [3, 5, 6]
• Mechanism: When the body is infected with dengue virus, immune cells become overactivated, leading to a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, which can trigger a cascade of inflammatory responses. [3, 5, 6]
• Impact on the body: This cytokine storm can damage the lining of blood vessels, causing increased permeability, leading to fluid leakage from the bloodstream into tissues, resulting in symptoms like low platelet count, shock, and organ dysfunction. [3, 5, 6]
• Secondary infection risk: A secondary dengue infection with a different serotype of the virus is particularly prone to causing a cytokine storm due to the phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). [2, 3, 5]
• Diagnosis and management: Detecting elevated levels of specific cytokines in blood samples can be helpful in monitoring the severity of dengue infection. Management focuses on supportive care and may include medications to modulate the immune response in severe cases. [3, 5, 6, 7]
[1] Similarities and differences between the ‘cytokine storms’ in acute dengue and COVID-19 - Scientific Reports
[2] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2021/8214656
[3] The Association of Cytokines with Severe Dengue in Children - PMC
[4] Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis in Dengue Virus Infection - PMC
[5] Viremia and Inflammatory Cytokines in Dengue: Interleukin-2 as a Biomarker of Infection, and Interferon-α and -γ as Markers of Primary versus Secondary Infection - PMC
[6] Cytokine Signature of Dengue Patients at Different Severity of the Disease - PMC
[7] Frontiers | Dengue Infection - Recent Advances in Disease Pathogenesis in the Era of COVID-19
Key points about cytokine storm in dengue: [3, 5, 6]
• Mechanism: When the body is infected with dengue virus, immune cells become overactivated, leading to a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, which can trigger a cascade of inflammatory responses. [3, 5, 6]
• Impact on the body: This cytokine storm can damage the lining of blood vessels, causing increased permeability, leading to fluid leakage from the bloodstream into tissues, resulting in symptoms like low platelet count, shock, and organ dysfunction. [3, 5, 6]
• Secondary infection risk: A secondary dengue infection with a different serotype of the virus is particularly prone to causing a cytokine storm due to the phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). [2, 3, 5]
• Diagnosis and management: Detecting elevated levels of specific cytokines in blood samples can be helpful in monitoring the severity of dengue infection. Management focuses on supportive care and may include medications to modulate the immune response in severe cases. [3, 5, 6, 7]
[1] Similarities and differences between the ‘cytokine storms’ in acute dengue and COVID-19 - Scientific Reports
[2] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2021/8214656
[3] The Association of Cytokines with Severe Dengue in Children - PMC
[4] Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis in Dengue Virus Infection - PMC
[5] Viremia and Inflammatory Cytokines in Dengue: Interleukin-2 as a Biomarker of Infection, and Interferon-α and -γ as Markers of Primary versus Secondary Infection - PMC
[6] Cytokine Signature of Dengue Patients at Different Severity of the Disease - PMC
[7] Frontiers | Dengue Infection - Recent Advances in Disease Pathogenesis in the Era of COVID-19
