How Much Reliance on Dive Shop Planning?

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Kel-
That's great, it sounds like that dive center is actually doing something in the name of safety rather than shearing the sheep. Even better if one of those computers in the bucket is one you are familiar with. Like the manuals say...don't dive with it till you understand it, right?(G)

I've never seen a boat say "Computers required, but we'll supply one if you don't have it." Just that they were required, which is tilted a bit towards a nasty parental attitude, telling the diver what, we're too stupid to use the tables if we choose to do it that way?

Even DAN will tell you, the USN tables are based on certain known percentages of DCS hits in a specific population group. And since the advent of computers, the percentage of hits in sport divers basically HAS NOT CHANGED, indicating that using the tables still does a job pretty well.

Are computers letting divers extend their bottom times? In theory, sure. In practice? Well, there's still only so much air you can stick in a bottle, and then you're into twin tanks and deco stops and more than just computers anyway. And once you get complicated enough, then sure, computers don't make little errors like "Ooops, I didn't carry the one." I don't think that's the bulk of the sport diving population though.

AFAIK the only rigorously performed and statistically valid studies are the ones done by the USN, who are mainly concerned with combat operations and young male divers in top physical shape. Apparently, in order to get statistically meaningful results, actual field results and not theories, you'd need to do something like 1000 dives by 20 year olds, another thousand by 40 year olds, another thousand by 60 year olds, or some similar extensive and expensive real world testing. [Translation: Ain't gonna happen.]

This is not to denigrate the theories and logic that people are applying, just saying there's a often big difference between "Wilbur, that ain't never gonna fly" and what really happens. Especially when the exact details of gas absorption and the body are still not totally understood. (Like, the role of changing blood vessel wall cells, which get smaller as you get older, and how those size changes apparently affect gas transport.)

Logically, sure, a longer shallow water safety stop (let's be honest, that's decompression) should give the body some time to off-gas at a gentler rate than direct surfacing. The big question being how much is enough and just how effective how much time or depth is, which is where the need for objective studies on large numbers of dives is needed. And, as they say, "economically unfeasible".

30-40 years ago US divers were taught to ascend straight up at 60fpm, and the "Club Med" system of ascending diagnonally (effectively slowing the ascent rate) was debated or poo-poo'd here. Today? 60fpm is like canyon jumping a rocket motorcycle, 30fpm is expected, and "not more than 30fpm" advised by a number of sources. (It would be nice if dive computers allowed us to program them for specific rates, maybe in five years, huh?)
 
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AFAIK the only rigorously performed and statistically valid studies are the ones done by the USN, who are mainly concerned with combat operations and young male divers in top physical shape. Apparently, in order to get statistically meaningful results, actual field results and not theories, you'd need to do something like 1000 dives by 20 year olds, another thousand by 40 year olds, another thousand by 60 year olds, or some similar extensive and expensive real world testing. [Translation: Ain't gonna happen.]

This is not to denigrate the theories and logic that people are applying, just saying there's a often big difference between "Wilbur, that ain't never gonna fly" and what really happens. Especially when the exact details of gas absorption and the body are still not totally understood. (Like, the role of changing blood vessel wall cells, which get smaller as you get older, and how those size changes apparently affect gas transport.)

Logically, sure, a longer shallow water safety stop (let's be honest, that's decompression) should give the body some time to off-gas at a gentler rate than direct surfacing. The big question being how much is enough and just how effective how much time or depth is, which is where the need for objective studies on large numbers of dives is needed. And, as they say, "economically unfeasible".

30-40 years ago US divers were taught to ascend straight up at 60fpm, and the "Club Med" system of ascending diagnonally (effectively slowing the ascent rate) was debated or poo-poo'd here. Today? 60fpm is like canyon jumping a rocket motorcycle, 30fpm is expected, and "not more than 30fpm" advised by a number of sources. (It would be nice if dive computers allowed us to program them for specific rates, maybe in five years, huh?)
These days, the navy is using dive computers: Cochran Undersea Technology Not that I'm suggesting I like that model computer.
 
Yes, and they are still doing active research to refine the data they use. Whether they put the data in a table, on paper, or they put it in a lookup table for an algorithm in a computer, there's no real difference. Remember, a computer does math the same way a human does. The USN also does things like purchase and use J-valves, and the sport diving industry says that'll kill you. [sic]
 
A safety stop is designed to make sure enough N2 has left the body to make it safe enough to ascend to the surface, and extending that safety stop a bit can ensure that it is safe for you to go to the surface. Once it is indeed safe to surface, though, going to the surface is the most effective way to reduce the N2 load.

My impression is this is where bubble theories differ: on the assumption the lower pressure differential leads to smaller bubbles, and smaller bubbles get eliminated more efficiently (pass through cellular membranes better etc.), then off-gassing is more effective at safety stop depth than it is up top.
 
My impression is this is where bubble theories differ: on the assumption the lower pressure differential leads to smaller bubbles, and smaller bubbles get eliminated more efficiently (pass through cellular membranes better etc.), then off-gassing is more effective at safety stop depth than it is up top.
Never heard that.
 
I've never seen a boat say "Computers required, but we'll supply one if you don't have it." Just that they were required, which is tilted a bit towards a nasty parental attitude, telling the diver what, we're too stupid to use the tables if we choose to do it that way?

Even DAN will tell you, the USN tables are based on certain known percentages of DCS hits in a specific population group. And since the advent of computers, the percentage of hits in sport divers basically HAS NOT CHANGED, indicating that using the tables still does a job pretty well.

Are computers letting divers extend their bottom times? In theory, sure. In practice? Well, there's still only so much air you can stick in a bottle,

You are completely ignoring the reasons computers give you more bottom time--multi-level diving. If you are diving a completely flat profile, then computers will NOT give you more bottom time. I once did a dive to 100 feet, stayed a few minutes, ascended to mid reef for a while, and then finished up at the top of the reef. My total bottom time was 80 minutes, and my computer would have let me stay longer--I was just out of air at that point. According to PADI tables, my maximum time would have been 20 minutes, and according to Navy tables, my maximum time would have been 25 minutes.

That is pretty much how diving is done in much of the world. Let's look at the first place I ever dived with computers required, which was in Cozumel over a decade ago. The dives must by law be led by a DM. The dive will be multi-level, with total dive times FAR beyond the maximums allowed by tables, so any planning would have to be done with multi-level dive planning software or special tables that allow it. However, the DM cannot tell you ahead of time what the different levels will be, so you can't pre-plan the dive. The only thing you can do if you want to use tables is pay constant attention to your depth throughout the dive, probably writing it down every minute or so. After that, you could go over the notes and group your numbers. "Let's see, we were between 75-90 feet for 12 minutes, so I will make 90 feet my first level. Then we were between 60 and 75 for 26 minutes, so I will make 75 my second level--oops, go to round that to 80. OK, then we were between 38 and 60 for 12 minutes, so I will make that my next level. Then we ascended, so, according to my multi-level device, I came out of the water as a Q diver." (Don't check those numbers--I just made them up.)

Do you really think anyone will be doing that?

The only way you can track a dive like that is a computer. If you don't have a computer and go on a dive like that, you have no way of tracking your dive.
 
Never heard that.

The closest I can find to a cite is Brian Morris's "Ascending from a dive":
...a diver that performs a 3 minute safety stop after a dive will have less nitrogen in their body immediately upon surfacing as compared to a diver that did not perform a safety stop, but has been on the surface "off-gassing" for 3 minutes
(Ascending from a scuba dive, | deep stops, |ascent rates, |safety stops, | time limits, | and gas needed)

Overall it reads like he is advocating longer safety stops (also deeper stops but that's a different can of worms) based on that. Obviously, if it works that way, it only works up to a point, but it implies that "most efficient off-gassing" would take somewhat longer than "as soon as it's safe".
 
The closest I can find to a cite is Brian Morris's "Ascending from a dive":
(Ascending from a scuba dive, | deep stops, |ascent rates, |safety stops, | time limits, | and gas needed)

Overall it reads like he is advocating longer safety stops (also deeper stops but that's a different can of worms) based on that. Obviously, if it works that way, it only works up to a point, but it implies that "most efficient off-gassing" would take somewhat longer than "as soon as it's safe".
I would like to know the basis for that statement. Why would you off-gas faster with a lower pressure gradient?
 
...a diver that performs a 3 minute safety stop after a dive will have less nitrogen in their body immediately upon surfacing as compared to a diver that did not perform a safety stop, but has been on the surface "off-gassing" for 3 minutes.
I know you are only quoting Brian Morris, but this does seem to ignore the laws of physics. . .
The rate at which dissolved N2 will leave the body is a function of the differential partial pressures of N2 between the gas in the lungs and the dissolved gas in the blood.

Independent of the partial pressure of N2 in the blood, the differential between it and the gas in the lungs at the surface will be greater than the differential between it and the gas in the lungs while submerged
 

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