Why aren't more people taking up scuba diving?

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saramonkees, Yes, good first post. Things vary a lot from place to place, dive operation to operation, buddy to buddy, etc. Yes, "dumbing down" as some call it has been a hot topic at least since I joined SB 7 years ago. mdb points out the differences in 1973--that course may have cost a lot more, inflation taken into consideration. The deal now is most pros and experienced divers recommend EVERY diver to progress to Rescue Diver certification (don't know if this would've cost the same in 1973 or not, but I believe rescue skills were taught in OW course back then). So you become an experienced Rescue Diver and complain on SB about all the other stuff that ill-equipped divers do. Well hey, you've got a good start already! All kidding aside, just dive within your limits and be safe. Diving with experienced people is something I always recommend to students.
 
The guy I used is a one man shop/instructor. He (Dan) has a compressor, and I have all my own gear now… It's a second job/hobby for him, so he is all about the fun aspect.


does he have to pay for a license from the state to sell breathing air? How's his insurance? Have you seen his quarterly air-quality reports? I hope he's charging enough to properly maintain his compressor, for the sake of his customers.


A lot of people on this thread of been talking about the high barrier to entry for divers. Compared to some other businesses, starting a scuba shop has a relatively low barrier to entry. As a result, we have a "industry" filled with hobbyists and part-timers. I don't mind that they drive sales to the Internet. The industry, for some reason, is still stuck in an outdated business model that purports to "prevent competition." The damage they do, however, is more evident in customer service, and post-sales service.


I know somebody that will service your entire kit (first stage, second stage, octo, console, BCD, and inflator) for $25. If the parts aren't included under warranty, you will only be charged cost. It may be an extreme example, but it typifies what I called "the race to the bottom." A lot of shops are just as guilty of similar tactics.

Likewise, the cost of getting certified as a dive master – or even an instructor, – is relatively low. The result is that the industry is filled with an underutilization of "talent." The resulting oversupply of dive professionals reinforces the idea (almost even necessitates) that it is just a hobby. Some training agencies even suggest that a specific number of new divers should potentially be converted into dive professionals. It's a great way for them to pad their publishing business, while ensuring a constant supply of low-paid labor for a niche industry.

It's a little frustrating to see people arguing that the cost of instruction is too high, and that the quality of instruction is too low. Unfortunately, there is some truth to the old adage "you get what you pay for."

Is scuba diving a gear intensive sport? Yes. That necessarily means that it has a high barrier to entry simply based on cost. So, until the government decides that scuba diving is a right and that everybody has to get trained and buy gear, that means there'll always be people that can't be brought into the sport.

Is the economy bad? Yes. But there still a lot of people with discretionary spending money. It's pretty funny that people keep talking about cycling, because our shop lost some of our best customers to cycling. That's right, we lost them to another high-end sport. Not another dive shop in the area. Not to the Internet. But to another way they could spend thousands and thousands of dollars a year.

So after a long, rambling post (sorry for that…) We're left with a few questions:
1. Of the people that don't dive – but have the means to – how does the industry get them interested?
2. Once they are interested, how does the industry get them into a shop?
3. Once there in the shop, how does the shop (from the owners, to the instructors, to the employees) ensure that the customer has a great learning experience, and comes out a confident, qualified diver?
4. Once a diver has been trained, bought a bunch of gear, and even taken a few trips, how does the industry keep them engaged?

As an and don't, I have a lot of friends that think diving is cool, and know that I am a dive professional, but have no interest in actually doing it. Two summers ago, my girlfriend and I bought kayaks. We took them camping one time, and suddenly almost all of our camping friends went out and spent a lot of money kayaks. Now nobody shows up on a camping trip without their kayaks.

---------- Post added January 26th, 2014 at 12:03 PM ----------

The biggest change in training is the 2 to 4 fold increase in cost over the past 20 years. When it costs $400 to $800 (OW + gear) to see if you like it, don't be surprised to find a scarcity of tasters.

I'd love to see your math on this. Not that it isn't more expensive than it used to be, but that it shouldn't be more expensive now. How much of the $400 covers the cost of educational materials? If the shop doesn't have a pool, how much of that $400 goes to cover the cost of pool rentals? Assuming that an instructor is being paid to teach the class, how much of what's left of that $400 goes to the instructor? Do you know how many hours a good instructor spends to give a good class, to figure out his meager hourly rate? Do you know how much instructors spend on professional dues? Insurance? On-going training?

When you start answering all of those questions, you'll realize that $400 isn't enough to cover everything, let alone make any actual money doing. This is why the industry is filled with hobbyists and retirees.
 
One bright aspect is that overweight people can enjoy diving, and there are more obese than ever. Maybe the agencies should cross advertise with Weight Watchers.
 
I'd love to see your math on this. Not that it isn't more expensive than it used to be, but that it shouldn't be more expensive now. How much of the $400 covers the cost of educational materials? If the shop doesn't have a pool, how much of that $400 goes to cover the cost of pool rentals? Assuming that an instructor is being paid to teach the class, how much of what's left of that $400 goes to the instructor? Do you know how many hours a good instructor spends to give a good class, to figure out his meager hourly rate? Do you know how much instructors spend on professional dues? Insurance? On-going training?

When you start answering all of those questions, you'll realize that $400 isn't enough to cover everything, let alone make any actual money doing. This is why the industry is filled with hobbyists and retirees.

When I think back on it, the price of a scuba class today is not all that much more than what I paid for it back in the 1990s, and I am talking about the actual dollar amount with no inflation adjustment. I would bet that if I were to adjust for inflation, I would find that scuba instruction is less costly now than it was when I first started. For those of you going back to the supposed glory days of mutl-week classes decades ago, it is definitely much cheaper now than it was then.

And for those of you who say that the retention rate was better in the early days of multi-week and multi-month instruction when we had students required to do push-ups with full gear on the side of the pool, I can only respond "Well, Duh!" If you have an instructional process that weeds out everyone who is not wealthy, healthy, and motivated enough to stick with it long term before you even start the class, then of course your retention percentage will be greater. You won't have very large total numbers, but you'll have an admirable retention rate. Those wealthy, healthy, and motivated students are still here, and they are still being retained, but they are now being joined by less healthy, wealthy, and motivated divers who may only be interested in trying it on the only tropical vacation of their lives.
 
I think its a reflection of this generation of late teens/young adults. I have sons who are legally adults who are quite happy to sit at home glued to their laptops or sat tv or phones and think the whole idea of diving is ridiculous. Why bother getting all that stuff together lugging it around driving out in the hot sun/cold when you can see it on youtube.
 
I'd love to see your math on this. Not that it isn't more expensive than it used to be, but that it shouldn't be more expensive now. How much of the $400 covers the cost of educational materials? If the shop doesn't have a pool, how much of that $400 goes to cover the cost of pool rentals? Assuming that an instructor is being paid to teach the class, how much of what's left of that $400 goes to the instructor? Do you know how many hours a good instructor spends to give a good class, to figure out his meager hourly rate? Do you know how much instructors spend on professional dues? Insurance? On-going training?

When you start answering all of those questions, you'll realize that $400 isn't enough to cover everything, let alone make any actual money doing. This is why the industry is filled with hobbyists and retirees.

I paid less than $100 for OW about 20 years ago. 2 X $100 = $200 4 X $100 = $400 Is that really what you wanted to see?

Also, I already had mask, fins, and snorkel; but, even today, they should not cost more than $100. And I borrowed the book - something the training agencies do everything they can to prevent now. The designed inefficiencies of training may be costing more in the long run than it is profiting in the short run. Online courses could be used reduce the need for printed material but that is not the way agencies make their $$$. They could also reduce instructor hours required, but that also seems to be undesirable.

If $400 is not enough to cover costs and allow a reasonable profit, then charge more (if you really think that will work) or find ways to reduce costs. If what you have now is not working, change or die.
 
does he have to pay for a license from the state to sell breathing air? How's his insurance? Have you seen his quarterly air-quality reports? I hope he's charging enough to properly maintain his compressor, for the sake of his customers.

A lot of people on this thread of been talking about the high barrier to entry for divers.
I haven't asked those questions, but it was rather polite of you to imply he doesn't. He's a stand up guy and I have zero concerns using him as a source of air, equipment, and other advice.

Also, the barrier to entry refers to divers, not the shops themselves. It's an expensive hobby to get started in to find it's not for you.
 
So after a long, rambling post (sorry for that…) We're left with a few questions:
1. Of the people that don't dive – but have the means to – how does the industry get them interested?
2. Once they are interested, how does the industry get them into a shop?
3. Once there in the shop, how does the shop (from the owners, to the instructors, to the employees) ensure that the customer has a great learning experience, and comes out a confident, qualified diver?
4. Once a diver has been trained, bought a bunch of gear, and even taken a few trips, how does the industry keep them engaged?

I really believe the future of the industry will depend on current divers bringing new divers into the activity. And that will happen when small, inefficient, for-profit shops are eliminated and replaced with not-for-profit clubs. Let gear sales and some of the services move to large, efficient retailers. Training, gas, and some services can be provided through the clubs. Large retailers will reduce the controls currently exercised by most of the manufacturers and gear will become more affordable. Training agencies (and even large retailers) would probably become club sponsors.

In the mean time, the vultures will just have to share the carcasses they can find. I am not saying the vultures are getting fat. In fact, they are dieing.
 
Let gear sales and some of the services move to large, efficient retailers. Training, gas, and some services can be provided through the clubs. Large retailers will reduce the controls currently exercised by most of the manufacturers and gear will become more affordable. Training agencies (and even large retailers) would probably become club sponsors.

This is something I have always wondered about.

When I was a child in the early 1960s, I used to visit my cousins on the Jersey shore every summer, and the oldest of them was a scuba diver for a while. I recently asked him about how he got started. He said a sporting goods store in his area started selling scuba equipment, and they gave brief, informal lessons on how to use it. He does not recall every getting any kind of certification. (Not everyone in the golden age of scuba instruction took 6 month classes.) He never dived again after leaving for college.

Sometime after that sporting goods stores stopped selling scuba equipment, and the dedicated dive store became the norm. I have no idea why.

If I go down to a local branch of Sports Authority or Dicks Sporting Goods, I can get all kinds of sporting equipment, but I can't get anything related to diving except maybe a snorkel set. I have no idea why.

I went to a scuba marketing seminar a while ago, and the speaker talked about the relationship between instruction, air fills, gear sales, and dive travel for a store's ability to sustain itself. A shop needs all four in varying degrees to survive. If you are doing really well in one area, you don't need to do as well in another. Here in Colorado, tanks fills are a huge money loser because almost no one dives locally, but you need to be able to fill tanks provide instruction. You must be profitable enough in other areas to make up for the money you are losing by running the compressor. You need to provide instruction to create divers who will buy equipment, and you may need to run that instruction at a loss or break even level to compete with other shops if you want to get those divers in to buy gear. In my city, we have two shops, and one of them does extremely well in getting students and very poorly in dive travel. The other does an outstanding job in dive travel and has trouble getting students for instruction. In pretty much all cases, they have to do well in gear sales in order to make up for deficits in other areas in order to survive. If they lose money in gear sales, they are out of business.

The problem with gear sales, as it was explained, is that it is a relatively low volume operation for most shops. They need to make a pretty decent margin on everything they sell, because they can't sell enough in volume to make up for lower margins. Enter the big online stores, that can increase volume and drop margins. If a big sporting goods store would start selling gear, I am sure the prices would plummet, because they can get by with the margins on other gear they are selling in volume. On the other hand, will a big sporting goods store want to sell something that takes up so much space and inventory with so little turnover? Remembering that filling tanks and providing instruction are often losses for current dive shops, will they provide those services?
 
John, Sport Chalet in California is a large sporting goods chain that sells scuba gear. Are there so few others?

Correction: California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah.
 

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